Gilded Age Tech & Railroads
This process made steel cheaper and faster to produce, enabling railroads and skyscrapers.
What is the Bessemer Process?
He used horizontal integration to dominate the oil industry and control about 90% of U.S. refining.
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
This was the first federal law to limit monopolies, passed in 1890.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
This amendment banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol from 1920 to 1933.
What is the 18th Amendment? (or What is Prohibition?)
This environmental disaster in the Great Plains was caused by drought and poor farming practices.
What is the Dust Bowl?
Completed in 1869, this linked the East and West coasts and created national markets.
What is the transcontinental railroad?
He used vertical integration to control every stage of steel production.
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
Investigative journalists of the Progressive Era who exposed corruption and exploitation.
Who are the muckrakers?
This cultural movement in Harlem celebrated African American art, literature, and jazz.
What is the Harlem Renaissance?
Shantytowns during the Depression named after the president many blamed for inaction.
What are Hoovervilles?
Between 1865 and 1900, U.S. industrial output grew by this many times.
What is 7 times?
This man introduced the moving assembly line, making cars affordable.
Who is Henry Ford?
She wrote “History of Standard Oil,” exposing Rockefeller’s practices.
Who is Ida Tarbell?
This large movement saw over 6 million African Americans leave the rural South for northern cities between 1916 and 1970.
What is the Great Migration?
This New Deal program insured bank deposits to restore trust and prevent runs.
What is the FDIC? (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
Railroads pioneered this by standardizing time zones and track gauge width.
What is modern management techniques? (or What are time zones/standardization? – accept close phrasing)
Rockefeller’s company, formed in 1870, that became the largest oil company until broken up in 1911.
What is Standard Oil?
His novel “The Jungle” described horrific conditions in meatpacking and led to major food safety laws.
Who is Upton Sinclair?
These young women symbolized rebellion in the 1920's with short skirts, bobbed hair, and dancing the Charleston.
Who are flappers?
FDR’s New Deal focused on these three goals: immediate aid, economic rebuilding, and preventing future crises.
What are Relief, Recovery, and Reform? (or the Three Rs)
This 1869 event at Promontory Point, Utah, joined the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads.
What is the completion of the first transcontinental railroad?
Carnegie sold his steel company to this financier in 1901, creating U.S. Steel.
Who is J.P. Morgan?
These two 1906 laws, passed after “The Jungle,” protected consumers from unsafe food and drugs and required meat inspection.
What are the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act?
This risky practice—borrowing money to buy stocks—contributed heavily to the 1929 crash.
What is buying on margin?
This New Deal agency employed millions building roads, schools, bridges, and public art projects.
What is the WPA? (Works Progress Administration)