Labor & Strikes
Worker organizations that fought for pay and safety.
Labor unions
Crowded apartment buildings for poor workers and immigrants.
tenements
Many immigrants came through this NYC station.
Ellis Island
Journalists who exposed corruption and injustice.
Muckrakers
Settlement house started by Jane Addams.
Hull House
Negotiating as a group with employers.
Collective Bargaining
Unsafe factories with long hours and low pay.
sweatshops
Political machine famous for corruption in NYC.
Tamany Hall
Sinclair’s book exposing meatpacking.
The Jungle
Reform that lets citizens vote directly on laws.
Referendum
Big national strike in 1877 that turned violent.
Railroad Strike of 1877
Term for growth of cities due to industrial jobs.
urbanization
Reform law to reduce patronage by requiring merit for jobs
Pendleton Act
Law created to ensure safer food/drugs.
The Pure Food and Drug Act
Reform allowing citizens to propose laws.
Initiative
Bombing incident that damaged labor’s reputation.
Haymarket Affair
Political machines gained power by trading favors for this.
votes
A new immigrant gets housing and a job from a politician—what system is operating?
Political Machines
Factory fire that pushed workplace safety reforms.
Triangle Shirt Waist Factory Fire
Roosevelt’s domestic reform program.
Square Deal
Explain why strikes often ended with federal intervention during this era.
government often sided with business to keep order/keep rail/mail moving; courts and troops were used; fear of radicalism?
Explain how urban problems fueled the Progressive movement.
overcrowding/poverty/unsafe labor pushed reformers for housing laws, labor laws, city services, and regulation?
Why did machines thrive even though they were corrupt? Provide 2 reasons.
machines provided real help (jobs, aid, protection) and immigrants traded political loyalty; weak city services made machines powerful?
Explain how public opinion became a tool for reform in the Progressive Era.
muckrakers shaped public opinion, created pressure, and forced politicians to pass reforms?
Wilson’s New Freedom aimed to attack what major problem?
Wilson’s New Freedom attacked trusts/monopolies and wanted competition restored?