Development
Helps children explore new ideas, ways of self-expression, and learn new emotions.
What is sensory play
This type of attachment provides a strong foundation for infants to explore their environment and engage in social learning.
What is secure attachment?
This type of abuse, often characterised by emotional neglect or verbal maltreatment, can lead to developmental delays, poor self-esteem, and long-term mental health challenges.
What is emotional abuse?
This factor, related to both maternal depression and the quality of infant-mother attachment, influences an infant's ability to follow others' gaze and supports healthy social development.
What is the infant's social environment?
This term refers to an individual’s consistent way of reacting and adapting to the world, which is believed to be influenced by genetics and is evident early in life
What is "temperament"?
This brain region in infants shows less specific responses to social interactions at nine months, indicating it is still developing.
What is the superior temporal cortex?
Lasts from birth to 6 weeks; characterised by random attachment.
What is Pre-attachment Phase
This self-soothing behavior is often used by infants to cope with distressing emotional states
What is thumb-sucking?
This group of infants, born before 30 weeks of gestation, was found to face challenges in social-emotional development compared to full-term infants at two years old.
Who are very preterm infants?
This temperament type is characterised by children who are cheerful, have a regular sleep and eating schedule, and adapt easily to new situations.
What is "Easy"
By nine months old, this brain region shows enhanced activity when processing upright face-to-face social interactions, highlighting its role in early social cognition.
What is the medial prefrontal cortex
Occurs from 6 weeks to 6 months; characterised by preference for familiar figures.
What is Attachment in the Making Phase
The presence of this protective factor, such as a supportive caregiver or strong social network, can help mitigate the negative effects of child abuse and neglect.
What is resilience?
At around 8 to 12 months, infants begin to show signs of distress when separated from their primary caregiver, a behavior known as this.
What is separation anxiety?
This aspect of temperament refers to how well a child can adjust to new situations, whether they show approach or withdrawal tendencies.
What is adaptability?
Children with ASD often experience delays in this area, with infants showing minimal babbling and few communicative gestures during their first year.
What is speech development?
Occurs from 6 months to 7 months and lasts until 18 months to 24 months; characterized by dependance on the primary caregiver.
What is Clear-cut Attachment Phase
This is the most common form of child maltreatment, which often involves neglecting the basic needs of a child, such as food, shelter, and medical care.
What is neglect?
What is it called when using another person's reaction to a situation to form one's own response.
What is Social Referencing
This temperament type is described as having irregular sleep and feeding patterns, being slow to accept new people and situations, and responding to frustration with crying and tantrums.
What is "Difficult"
This tool was used to compare social-emotional development in very preterm infants to term infants at 2 years of age.
What is the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development – Social Emotional Scale?
The infant shows little or no distress when their caregiver leaves and plays without any worry.
What is Avoidant attachment
This factor, when experienced by mothers, was linked to lower social-emotional development scores in very preterm infants.
What is parenting stress?
At what age do infants start using their caregivers, facial expressions or tone of voice to figure out how to respond.
What is 6 months?
According to Bird, Resse, and Tripp (2006), understanding the correlation between a child's behavior and temperament can help parents adjust their behavior and attitudes, potentially improving the child's behavior.
What is "realizing the behavior and temperament correlation"?