Infancy/Toddlerhood Biological Development
In year two there are 2 neurological processes happening and they are increased _____ and _____.
density, pruning
What is the sequence of language development in the first year.
cooing, babbling, gesturing, single words
Often described as easy, difficult or slow to warm up.
temperament
In the second year language expands gradually typically starting with one word sentences called _____.
holophrases
When does a sense of moral standards begin to develop according to your text.
2 years
A child first gains better control of their core, then their arms and hands and fingers is referred to as what kind of growth.
proximodistal
This is a type of language used by adults to encourage language development.
Infant Directed Speech
When an infant's environment in the way of caregiving and stimulation is a good balance we call that _____ ___ _____.
goodness of fit
Lev Vytgosky focused on social and cultural influences on learning. He coined the terms zone of proximal development and guided participation. What term is used when you provide assistance on a limited basis, just enough to support the learning occurring.
scaffolding
At about what age does a toddler begin to develop a sense of self.
18 months
The integration and coordination of the various sense and motor skills as infants explore is referred to as _____ _____.
intermodal perception
Name three terms Jean Piaget used to describe how we learning as maturation occurs.
schemes, assimilation, accommodation
When in an unfamiliar environment babies will look to their caregivers for input. This is referred to as _____ _____.
social referencing
This concept represents two aspects of toddler development both deferred imitation and language development. The concept is called _____ _____.
mental representation
Gender is influenced by both _____ and _____.
biology, culture (social influences)
Babies need fat in their diet because it promotes _____growth.
brain
Piaget considers cognitive growth to happen in distinct stages and refers to this process as discontinuous. Information processing theory views cognitive development as ________.
continuous
Erikson's Theory references the importance of a caregiver providing a stable and nurturing environment. This stage is called ____ vs ____.
Trust versus Mistrust.
This type of toddler sentence is typically 2 - 3 words like want cookie, mommy go. This is called _____ speech.
telegraphic
Mary Ainsworth's research suggests that toddlers who do not engage much with their caregivers or seem concerned when they leave the room fall in the category of _________ attachment.
insecure-avoidant
The "Back to Sleep" campaign resulted in a reduction of ______. 4 words often referenced by the acronym.
SIDS 50% reduction
Joint attention between an infant and caregiver fosters both emotional communication as well as ______ development
language
Bowlby's attachment theory focused on the importance of the ______ ______.
primary caregiver
_______ speech is early childhood use of plurals and past tense without exceptions, like thowed for threw, or mouses for mice.
Telegraphic
Children exhibit _____ _____ starting around 6 - 8 months and it fades gradually through the second year.
stranger anxiety