Nature vs. Nurture
This theorist believed that children are born with certain abilities that naturally unfold as they interact with their environment.
Jean Piaget
This theorist is known for his stages of psychosocial development, which emphasize the role of trust vs. mistrust in the first year of life.
Erik Erikson
During the first year of life, this part of a baby's body grows the fastest.
the head
This stage of prenatal development lasts for the first two weeks after conception, during which the zygote divides and implants in the uterine wall.
the Germinal Period
This substance is known to cause Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), leading to growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and cognitive impairments.
Alcohol
This psychologist argued that development is heavily shaped by social experiences and that personality develops through eight stages of psychosocial challenges.
Erik Erikson
This Swiss psychologist developed a theory that suggests children actively construct their understanding of the world through sensory and motor experiences.
Jean Piaget
When babies can sit up unsupported, according to the Physical milestone?
6 months
During this period, which lasts from the third to the eighth week after conception, the foundations for major organs such as the heart, brain, and spinal cord are formed.
the Embryonic Period
This term refers to any environmental agent—chemical, physical, or biological—that can cause harm to a developing fetus.
teratogen
This theorist focused on how children learn behaviors by observing and imitating others, highlighting the importance of the social environment.
Albert Bandura
This developmental psychologist emphasized the importance of the social environment and introduced the concept of the "zone of proximal development" (ZPD).
Lev Vygotsky
What is a fine motor skill that a 4-month-old can typically do?
Brings hands to mouth
This stage of prenatal development, from the ninth week to birth, is characterized by rapid growth and maturation of organs and systems, and the fetus begins to respond to stimuli.
the Fetal Period
According to this theory, infants and toddlers form an attachment to their caregivers, which is crucial for emotional development.
Attachment Theory
This behaviorist argued that all behavior is shaped by environmental factors, particularly reinforcement and punishment.
B.F. Skinner
This theory emphasizes that children develop through observable behaviors and interactions, often shaped by consequences.
Behaviorism
By the end of the first year, babies are typically able to do this, which involves using their hands to pick up small objects.
the pincer grasp
Babies born before this week of pregnancy are considered preterm
37 weeks
What is the term used to describe the brain's ability to reorganize and adapt, which is most pronounced in early childhood?
Plasticity
This theorist suggested that cognitive development is influenced by both genetic brain processes and the environment, reflecting a balance of nature and nurture.
Information Processing Theory
This concept from Vygotsky refers to the range of tasks that a child can perform with help but not yet independently.
the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
This term describes the development of fine motor skills that allow toddlers to feed themselves with utensils and manipulate smaller objects.
dexterity
A baby born weighing less than this amount is considered to have low birth weight.
2,500 grams (about 5.5 pounds)
What is the primary function of neurons in the brain?
To transmit nerve signals