Gains in body size taper off in early childhood, children gaining 5-7 pounds and growing 2-3 inches per year on average.
What is body growth.
100
For Piaget, the most fundamental deficiency of proportional thinking...
What is egocentrism.
100
For Erikson, the positive outcome of early childhood is when young children have a sense of purposefulness. They are eager to tackle tasks, join in activities with peers, and discover what they can do with the help of adults. The negative outcome of early childhood is when children feel too much guilt because they have been threatened, criticized, and punished excessively by adults.
What is initiative versus guilt.
100
Thought that is more logical, flexible, and organized.
What is Piaget's concrete operations.
100
The psychological conflict of middle childhood.
What is industry versus inferiority?
200
The leading cause of childhood mortality.
What is unintentional injuries.
200
Piaget's famous tasks reveal deficiencies of preoperational thinking.
The idea that certain physical characteristics of object remain the same, even when their outward appearance changes.
What is conservation.
200
The most successful approach to parenting: high acceptance and involvement, adaptive control, and appropriate autonomy.
What is authoritatiVe.
200
What is inattention, impulsivity, and excessive motor activity resulting in academic and social problems.
What is ADHD?
200
Children who are socially accepted and admired, combine academic and social competence.
What are popular children?
300
Neurons that are seldom stimulated lose their connective fibers, and the number of synapses is reduced.
What is synaptic pruning.
300
A range of tasks too difficult for the child to do alone but possible with the help of others.
The theories known for the sociocultural theory.
What is the zone of proximal development.
Vygotsky.
300
The following factors:
ineffective discipline
unmanaged stress
social isolation
increase the risk.
What is child abuse (child maltreatment)?
300
Continuously monitoring progress toward a goal, checking outcomes, and redirecting unsuccessful efforts.
What is cognitive self-regulation?
300
Children that display a wide range of negative social behaviors (high rates of conflict, physical and relational aggression, and hyperactive, inattentive, and impulsive behavior) or children that are passive and socially awkward.
What are rejected aggressive and rejected withdrawn children.
400
A highly toxic element that causes brain swelling, hemorrhaging, disrupted function of neurons, and widespread cell death.
Can cause deficits in motor skills, distractibility, overactivity, poor organization, and behavior problems.
What is lead exposure.
400
Cognitive operations and mental strategies that children use to transform stimuli flowing into their mental systems (the theory and executive functioning skills)
What is Information Processing Theory and
attention (inhibition), memory (recognition & recall / memory strategies), and problem solving.
400
Set of attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that an individual believes denies who he or she is.
Judgments we make about our own worth and the feelings associated with those judgments.
What is self-concept?
What is self-esteem?
400
IQ below 70, showing problems in adaptive behavior (such as walking, talking, getting dressed, going to school, going to work, preparing a meal, cleaning the house), or skills of everyday living.
What is an intellectual disability.
400
Children that hold a fixed view of ability, believing that it cannot be improved by trying hard. When a task is difficult these children give up.
What is learned helplessness.
500
heredity
low SES
bad eating habits
low physical activity
TV viewing
What are causes of obesity?
500
Program with planned educational experiences aimed at enhancing the development of 2 to 5 year olds.
What is preschool!
500
The ability to manage an experience and expression of emotion.
What is emotional self-regulation?
500
Difficulties with one or more aspects of learning, usually reading.
What learning disabilities.
500
Teachers who are warm, helpful, and stimulating; who encourage students to collaborate; and who emphasize effort and self-improvement and extracurricular activities foster...