Terms
Microorganisms naturally occurring to a specific body area
What is Resident flora
Bacteria that need oxygen to survive
strains of microorganisms come from resident flora, not infection
Invasion occurs when defense mechanisms ineffective and infection results
What is colonization
Negative Pressure Room
Door remains closed
Patient wears mask with transfer
N95/PAPR/N100 required
Ex. Tuberculosis, measles, varicella (and varicella-zoster), smallpox, COVID
What is Airborne
How needles are handled
What is sharps safety
Growth of microorganisms in body tissue where they are not usually found
What is Infection
Bacteria that can survive with out oxygen
What is anaerobic bacteria
Inflammatory response and Immune response
More specific S/S related to site of infection
Type of infection determines length of illness and severity of symptoms
What is acute/full illness stage
Transferred though direct and indirect contact
Avoid sharing equipment
Gown, gloves & dedicated equipment (mask &/or goggles if chance of splash in face)
Patient wears mask with transfer
Ex. C. Difficile, hepatitis A, illnesses of the GI, respiratory , skin or wound infection, Lice, scabies, Impetigo, Chicken pox, ESBL, CRE
What are contact precautions
Can occur due to a needlestick, scratch by a patient, cut with a surgical instrument or device, or any other action that breaks the skin.
What is puncture or laceration
All practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area
Limits number, growth, and transmission of microorganisms
Objects referred to as clean or dirty (soiled, contaminated)
What is Medical Asepsis
Yeasts and molds
What at fungi
Recovery period/Healing begins
S/S begin to subside
Type of infection determines length of this period before returning to pre-infection state
What is convalescent stage
Mask, Gown, Gloves & Dedicated Equipment
Patient wears mask with transfer
ex: Group A Streptococcus, Whooping Cough
What is Droplet/contact precations
if we are exposed what do we do immediately
What is report the exposure
Practices that keep area or object from becoming contaminated and free of microorganisms
Practices that destroy all microorganisms and spores
Used for all procedures involving sterile areas of the body
What is Surgical Asepsis
live on other living organisms. Protozoa and Helminths
What is Parasites
May occur slowly over a long period. May last months or years
What is chronic infection
Compromised clients
Often infected by own microorganisms with inadequately cleaned, nonsterile items
Leukemia, transplant, extensive skin impairments such as major burns
What is Protective or Neutropenic precautions
Airborne, droplet, and contact
What are modes of accidental transmission
Body’s overwhelming and life-threatening response to infection that can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death.
What is Sepsis
smallest pathogen. Primarily consist of nucleic acid(RNA or DNA)
What is a virus
Infections that originate in the hospital
What is nosocomial
1. Hand Hygiene
2. Personal protective equipment (PPEà gloves, gown, eyewear, mask)
3. Safe injection practices
4. Safe handling of contaminated surfaces
5. Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette(cover mouth/nose, proper tissue disposal, separate individuals infected by 3 feet, or wear mask
6. Avoid recapping
7. Safe handling of Linens and equipment
8. Adequate environmental controls
With every client the nurse should use what type of precautions
What is Standard or universal