Types of Infections
With do infectious microorganisms include?
Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Rickettsiae, Protozoans, Mycoplasmas, Helminths, and prions.
What are the six components involved in the transmission of microorganisms as described by the chain of infections?
Infectious pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, method of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host.
What are mechanical defenses?
Physical barriers that prevent microorganisms from gaining entry or expel microorganisms before they multiply.
What moves to the injury to the site to destroy the toxins that are produced by the pathogens and to remove debris from the area?
WBCs, neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, and lymphocytes.
What are the types of infection?
Communicable, health-care associated infections, opportunistic infections, emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.
What are the most common causes of antibiotic resistance?
Repeated and improper use of antibiotics, lack of proper hand washing, chemical pollution of the environment or provider, and bacterial resistance in food animals from antibiotic overuse.
What are nonliving reservoirs?
Fomites
What is chemical defense?
Destroys or incapacitates microorganisms when naturally produced biologic substances.
True of False
Most infections remain localized. Some lead to UTIs and other complications.
False
Explain the difference between Emerging and Reemerging infectious diseases.
Emerging = disorders caused by microorganisms that are new of by the evolution of existing organisms
Reemerging = Comes from animals to humans
What are the different shapes of bacteria?
Round = Cocci
Rod shaped = Bacilli
Spiral shaped = spirochetes
What are the methods of transmission?
Contact, droplet, airborne, vehicle, and vector.
Specialized cells that make up the mononuclear phagocyte system.
Macrophages
The body manufactures more _____ as needed, a process referred to as _______.
WBCs and leukocytosis
Identifies bacteria in a specimen taken from a person with symptoms of an infection
Culture and sensitivity tests.
Viruses are divided into two types, what are they?
1) Those whose nucleic acid is composed of DNA
2) Those who nucleic acid is composed of RNA
An infectious agent that gains access to a susceptible host through ______?
Portal of entry
Enzymes that are splitting the cell wall of some Gram-positive bacteria.
Lysozyme
If the infection becomes widespread of systemic.
Generalized infection
What test determines the presence of a specific activity or inactive infection.
Skin Test
There are three types of mycotic infections; what are they?
Superficial, Intermediate, Deep.
What is the term used for describing the ability to be compromised by of infected with a disease?
Susceptibility.
Found on the skin and compete with pathogens for nutrients.
Normal flora
Give characteristics of sepsis
Fever of 100.4 or greater, HR grater than 90, RR greater than 20, WBC count greater than 12,000.
Wounds may be ______ a process of removing dead and damaged tissues.
Debrided