Diagnostic Tests
WBC count provides clues about the infecting organism and the body's immune response to it. What are the terms for increased white blood cell count and decreased blood cell count? Which one would you anticipate to see with tissue necrosis?
What is ... Leukocytosis- increased WBC. Seen with infection or inflammation, leukemia, trauma or stress, tissue necrosis.
Leukopenia: Decreased WBC. Seen with bone marrow depression, overwhelming infection, viral infection, immunosuppression, autoimmune disease, dietary deficiency.
In this mode of transmission, material is transmitted by air currents to a suitable portal of entry or another individual, usually the respiratory tract.
What is airborne transmission.
During this stage of the infectious process, fever and chills may be significant.
What is the illness stage.
The cardinal signs of inflammation may be decreased in this population.
What isolation precautions are needed for Influenzas, describe PPE.
Nasal, throat, or nasopharyngeal swabs
What is a vector-borne transmission?
What is an animal or flying or crawling insect that serves as an intermediate mans of transporting the infectious agent.
What is the initial phase of the infectious process?
What is the incubation phase.
What are the clinical manifestations of UTI in the older adult? Name 3
Change in Behavior, CONFUSION! Frequency, urgency, pain, loss of appetite, dysuria, malaise, nocturia
What are 2 techniques that can help prevent infection?
What are good hand hygiene, immunizations, preventing airborne droplets from spreading and taking precautions when handling potentially contaminated materials.
This test requires a process known as sensitivity testing that requires 24-48 hours to grow an organism.
What is cultures of the wound, blood or other infected body fluids.
In this mode of transmission the microorganism can be spread by coughing, sneezing, spitting, singing, or talking.
What is direct transmission.
During this phase the illness or infection is contained and the pathogen is eliminated.
What is the convalescent stage.
What questions will you ask the older adult in relation to UTI?
Hygiene Habits, how often voiding, how how, odor, incontinence, pain
What role does hygiene play in health promotion related to infection?
What is intact skin and mucous membranes are a barrier against microorganisms entering the body. Good oral care is equally important because it can reduce the likelihood of an oral infection.
When performing a culture of a wound, blood or other infected body fluids, when should antibiotics be initiated?
What is after the culture has been obtained.
This is an individual who is at increased risk because of one or more reasons and is more likely to acquire an infection.
What is a compromised host.
This develops when host defenses eliminate the infectious disease but the organism continues to multiply on mucosal sites.
What is a carrier state.
Common source of Bacteria that cause UTI in the older adult?
E-Coli gram negative bacteria, community acquired UTI.
Pharmacological interventions for influenza
Tamiflu (Oseltamivir)
This test monitors therapeutic blood levels of a prescribed medication.
What are antibiotic peak and trough levels.
What is the body's first line of defense?
What is the skin and mucous membranes.
In this stage of the infectious process, symptoms begin to appear.
What is the prodromal stage.
Nursing considerations for Antibiotic Use
Take the entire regimen, do not stop when symptoms subside. Monitor stools, increase oral intake.
What roll does stress play in infection?
What is stress elevates cortisone levels and prolonged cortisone levels decrease anti-inflammatory responses. it depletes energy stores and leads to an state of exhaustion and decreases resistance to infection.