Stages of Infection
It's the interval b/w a pathogen entering the body and the presentation of the first finding.
What is the incubation stage of infection?
It is required for an infection to start. (bacteria, virus, fungus, prion, or parasite)
What is causitive agent?
Redness, edema/swelling, warmth of site, pain at site
What is localized infection?
An immunocompromised client with WBC count of 1.2 (normal range 45 to 11)
What is protective environment or neutropenic precautions?
Bonus-what are things must we do to protect this client?
What are immunizations or vaccinations?
It's the interval from onset of general findings to more distinct findings; during this time, the pathogen multiplies. When one starts to feel some symptoms.
What is the prodromal stage of infection?
It carries the infection (human, animal, food, organic matter on inanimate surfaces, water, soil, insects). The host of the infection.
What is reservoir?
Client may have fever, chills, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, malaise, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea
What is systemic infection?
The barrier precaution required to take care of a client with HIV?
What is standard precautions? (explain PPE needed and when)
Teaching on turning, coughing, deep breathing, incentive spirometry
What is pulmonary/respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette teaching?
It's the interval when findings specific to the infection occur. Multiple symptoms possible.
What is the illness stage of infection?
The method/pathway an infection leaves the host.
What is the portal of exit?
Positive culture, leukocytosis, elevated ESR
What are laboratory tests that indicate an infection is likely?
The barrier precaution needed to care for clients with measles, varicella/chickenpox, tuberculosis, COVID-19 and room requirement?
What is negative pressure room and airborne precautions? (explain PPE needed)
Turning and repositioning and immobile client and providing adequate hydration can prevent what type of infection entry way
What is impaired skin breakdown or pressure ulcers?
It's the interval when acute findings disappear, total recovery typically occurs within days to months.
What is the convalescence stage of infection?
The way the infections enters a new host or spreads (direct physical contact; indirect contact; fecal-oral, sneezing, talking, coughing, bite)
What is mode of transmission?
What is an x-ray, CT scan, or MRI?
The barrier precaution needed for flu, scarlet fever, rubella, mumps, or meningitis
What is droplet precautions? (explain PPE needed)
A provider initiated treatment recommended by the nurse in the following situation:
75 y/o client with dysuria, foul smelling urine, oral temp 102 F, HR 125, RR 20, Pain level 0, BP 118/62 for the past 3 days.
What is request to obtain urine/blood culture, antipyretic, antibiotic treatment, or cooling blanket?
It's the number one way to prevent the spread of infection.
What is proper handwashing?
How the infection enters the new host (may be the same as how the infection leaves a carrier).
What is portal of entry?
Which type of client may have a reduced immune response to advanced infection prior to identification as well as have atypical symptoms (agitation, confusion/delirium)
Who are older clients (older than 65 years of age)?
The barrier precaution required for caring for a client with MRSA, herpes simplex, or enteric diseases (e.coli, shigella,etc.)
What is contact precautions? (what PPE is needed)
A life-threatening condition caused by a severe localized or system-wide infection that requires immediate medical attention.
Symptoms include low blood pressure, pale and cool arms and legs, chills, difficulty breathing, and decreased urine output. Mental confusion and disorientation may also develop quickly.
What is septic shock?