Inflammation
These are the 3 stages of inflammation and what do they consist of.
Stage 1: Vascular and cellular response
Stage 2: Exudate Production
Stage 3: Reparative Phase
This is how vaccines work to provide immunity.
Vaccines introduce a harmless or a weakened version of a pathogen into the body, stimulating the immune system to produce a response and create memory cells without causing disease, then providing protection against future infections.
These are common signs of infection.
What is: fever, chills, fatigue, general malaise, cough, runny nose, redness, swelling, pain at the site of infection, and drainage or discharge.
This is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by disregulated host response.
What is Sepsis
This lab test can measure the inflammation response through markers in the blood.
What is C reactive protien
This is the amount of time you must have inflammation in order for it to be considered chronic.
6 weeks
These are some diseases that a patient with a suppressed immune system would be diagnosed with.
Multiple myeloma, non-hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, malnutrition, undergoing chemotherapy, and many more
This infection is characterized by inflammation of the lungs and can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
What is pneumonia?
This is a fatal condition that can be caused by septic shock.
MODS
These pathogens can trigger an immune response, often cause inflammation, and cause diseases such as pneumonia, strep throat, and salmonella.
What are bacteria
This test can be used to screen for inflammatory diseases
Skin Tests
These are the two types of immunity.
What makes them different?
Innate and Adaptive. You are born with innate immunity - it attacks any pathogen, whereas adaotive immunity involves memory cells remembering a specific pathogen, and fighting it off stringer and faster the next time you come into contact with in
This type of infection is caused by a hospital setting.
How might nurses prevent this?
What is healthcare associated infection. The nurse can perform proper hand hygiene, wear proper isolation attire, get vaccinated, and ensure aseptic technique with cares
This must be present in order to diagnose sepsis?
2 SIRS criteria, as well as a present infection
This term explains physical barriers to protect us from pathogens such as skin and mucous membranes.
What is first line of defense
These are the clinical manifestations of Inflammation.
What is: Redness, swelling, heat, pain, and impaired function
These are some conditions with an exaggerated immune response.
Autoimmune diseases like SLE, RA, MS, some cancers, and allergies
These are the different precautions for infections in a hospital setting.
What infections might you see in these precautions?
Contact - MRSA, VRE, C. Diff.
Airborne - COVID, TB
Droplet - Influenza, pertussis, varicella, strep throat
This is SEPSIS is typically treated.
Antibiotics, IV fluids, and blood pressure support
This refers to when normal, healthy bacteria overgrow and put you at risk for infection
What is superinfection
These are the SIRS criteria.
Temp >38° C or <36° C
Heart Rate > 90 BPM
Respiratory Rate > 20 Resps/minute OR PaCO2 < 32 mmHg
WBC > 12,000 or < 4000
These are the 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions. Can you give an example of each?
Type 1: Allergic
Type 2: Cytotoxic
Type 3: Immune - complex mediated
Type 4: Delayed
This may be caused by incomplete treatment regiment, or overuse of antibiotics.
What are some examples?
Antibiotic resistance
VRE, MRSA
This treatment is often initiated within three hours of sepsis recognition and includes intravenous fluids and antibiotics.
What is Fluid Resuscitation
This condition occurs when the body is unable to fight off an infection, leading to organ failure and low blood pressure
What is Septic shock