The Basics
What is the study of microorganisms or microbes?
microbiology
Which pathogen requires a living host for survival?
Viruses
Where are fungi found?
On animals, plants, human, food
What is the capacity of a microbe to cause disease?
What is the most widely prescribed antifungal?
Fluconazole
Whigh chemical composition includes having a thick peptidoglycin cell wall and produce exotoxins?
Gram-Positive
How does bacteria divide?
binary fission
Which pathogen has diseases such as trichomoniasis, malaria, amebic dysentery?
protozoa
Which stage of the development of infection includes microbes reproducing in body but does not cause signs or symptoms?
Subclinical Infection
Which anti-bacterial drug group has a SE of possible cartilage/tendon damage?
Quinolones
Differentiate pathogenic vs. Non-pathogenic
Non-Pathogenic usually do not cause disease unless conditions change, beneficial, part of normal flora
Pathogens are disease causing microbes, can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Which pathogen is highly resistant to heat and disinfectants, has a dormant-latent state, and can return to vegative state to reproduce?
Spores
Which helminth has larvae enter skin from fecally contaminated soil in tropical areas?
Hookworms
What type of exudate is present in a bacterial infection?
Purulent Exudate (pus, yellow-green)
What drugs are considered macrolides?
erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin
What are the 4 sterile areas of the human body?
brain blood, bladder, kidney
Which virus lacks a cell wall and is the cause of atypical type pneumonia?
Mycoplasmas
Which pathogen is a protein-like agents that change the shape of proteins within host cells?
Prions
What is a broad spectrum drug?
Effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative
Which drug treats RSV?
Ribaviran (Virazole)
What type of toxin is released on the death of bacterium?
Endotoxin
State the process of Viral Infection
1. Virus attaches to host cell
2. Viral genetic material enters the cell
3. Viral DNA or RNA takes control of cell
4. Uses host’s cell to synthesize viral proteins and nucleic acids
5. New viruses are assembled into cytoplasm6. Viruses released by lysis of host cell or by budding from host cell membrane
Which mode of transmission involves an insect or animal as an intermediate host?
Vector-borne
Which drug category has a parentaral route of administration, short term use, strict regulation and a main side effect of ototoxicity?
Aminoglycosides
What drug category includes, isoniazid, rifampin, pyraxinamide, and ethambutol?
Antituberculosis Agents