Pathogens & Pathogenesis
The most prominent helminth class in the world
What are nematodes?
High Vd antibiotic that can cause neuro and oto-toxicities
What are aminoglycosides?
Semi-pro APC that plays an important role in pathogen phagocytosis and the development of granulomas.
What are macrophages?
The primary response system of the immune system, inducing non-specific responses (i.e. inflammation) to pathogens early on in infections.
What is the innate immune system?
Over-reaction to non-self antigens
What is hypersensitivity?
Requirement for enveloped viruses to enter host cells in which the viral envelope becomes part of the host cell membrane.
What is endosomal fusion?
New antiviral against FIP that can induce the production of abnormal uroliths and subsequent urinary blockages.
What is GS-441524?
What are T helper cells?
The 7-10 day period required from antigen introduction for antibody production.
What is the sensitization period?
Most prominent immunoglobulin present in ruminant colostrum
What is IgG?
Characterized by a reddish-brown football-shaped ovum in small animal feces. Extreme infestations can result in Pseudoaddison's, anemia, and death.
What is Trichuris vulpis?
Anti-acaricide and insecticide that can cause seizures, tremors, sedation, and colic in horses thru interaction on alpha 2 receptors in mammals.
What is amitraz?
Humoral cell most helpful in intracellular pathogen infections prior to antigen sensitization and can produce cytokines to further induce an immune response.
What is a Natural Killer (NK) cell?
A type-II immune-mediated hypersensitivity resulting in pale gums, jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, and bilirubinuria.
What is IMHA (immune-mediated hemolytic anemia)?
Elevated proteins in plasma resulting from dehydration, inflammation, or B-cell neoplasia
What is hyperproteinemia?
A non-enveloped, ssDNA virus responsible for reproductive loss in swine and severe GI signs in other domestic species.
What is Parvovirus/Parvoviridae?
FDA approved in cattle for the treatment of all stages of trematodes including those which are resistant.
What is Triclabendazole?
Leukocyte that stains purple, has pale lavender to bright purple granules, and a long, ribbon-like nucleus. Assist in allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and chronic inflammation.
What is a basophil?
Genetic lack of immune cells often resulting in sudden death in Arabian foals at approximately 2-8 weeks of age if positive for the gene.
What is SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency- primary immunodeficiency)?
Reason cats are most commonly implicated in adverse drug reactions
What are lack of Phase 2 (glucuronidation) enzymes?
Zoonotic pathogen characterized by focal alopecia (hair loss in one area) with pruritus (itching). Diagnosed with a trichogram (hair plucking) at the edges of the lesion examined under oil.
What are Dermatophytes (ringworm)?
Used in horses to treat Sarcocystis neurona infections.
What are Triazine derivatives (Ponazuril, other -azuril drugs)?
Type of antibody required for seroconversion to occur and for pathogenic protection post-exposure or post-vaccination.
What is neutralizing antibody?
This immune phenomenon occurs when the binding of antibodies to antigens on a pathogen’s surface causes them to clump together, enhancing their clearance by phagocytes.
What is aggultination?
Patient testing positive for IgG on BVD agglutination assay 20 days after being administered the BVD vaccine.
What are normal post-exposure serological results?