Terminology
Sepsis is...
SIRS resulting from an infection.
What are 3 LOCAL signs of inflammation?
redness, swelling, pain, immobility, heat
Name one broad spectrum antibiotic used to treat sepsis
Vancomycin, levofloxacin, zosyn.
increased "bands" and "left shift" indicate that there are more ______ in the blood?
immature neutrophils
What is an appropriate outcome for a patient with sepsis?
O2 sats above 90%, urine output above 30mL/hr, normal BP & temp, infection cleared up.
Sanguineous exudate will look like.....?
bloody, thick
Is cold skin temperature an early or late sign of sepsis?
Late
When should blood cultures be drawn in relation to starting antibiotic therapy?
Before antibiotic therapy
Will C-reactive protein increase or decrease with inflammation?
Increase
What coagulation disorder is commonly developed by patients with sepsis?
DIC
SIRS is...
the body's response to an illness, usually followed by an inflammatory response.
name 3 SYSTEMIC manifestations of inflammation/infection?
What medication can cause "Red Mans Syndrome" if given too quickly?
Vancomycin
What diagnostic test measures how far erythrocytes settle over time?
ESR, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
What is a sign that a patient is responding positively to fluid resuscitation?
Blood pressure returns to a normal range, lactate lowers.
The convalescent period of infection is...
when the pathogen dies and symptoms resolve
What effect will SIRS/Sepsis have on a patients mental status?
Alterations in consciousness, feelings of impending doom, confusion, slurred speech
What class of medication is given when fluid therapy alone will not increase a patients blood pressure?
Vasopressors
What lab indicates tissue hypoperfusion and ischemia (also used to guide IVF treatment)?
Lactate
name 2 nursing diagnosis for sepsis
Shock, Risk for. Gas Exchange, Impaired. Perfusion: Renal, Risk for Ineffective. Tissue Perfusion: Peripheral, Ineffective. Fluid Volume: Imbalanced, Risk for.
What is the difference between Sepsis and Septic Shock?
In septic shock is sepsis with extreme hypoperfusion
Name 2 of the SIRS criteria
–Temp > 38 or < 36 degrees C, Heart rate > 90 bpm, Respiratory rate > 20 breaths/min or PaCO2 < 32 mmHg, WBC > 12,000 or < 4000 cells/mm3
Which 2 cardiovascular pressures are used to monitor fluild therapy?
MAP and Central Venous Pressure
Which lab is an ideal biomarker for bacterial infections and not other pathogens?
Procalcitonin
What assessments would you make to monitor for ischemia? (name at least 2)
Skin color & temp, cardiopulmonary assessments (BP, HR, JVD), temperature, urine output, LOC