Terminology
Any disease where the causative agent may pass or be carried from one person to another.
What is a communicable disease?
The precautions would include a private patient room, gloves when entering room, and prioritizing cleaning and disinfection of rooms.
What are contact precautions?
Bacteria that causes diarrhea in the presence of antibiotic exposure which can progress to sepsis and death. You should not use alcohol based hand sanitizer as it is not effective against this pathogen.
What is clostridium difficile (C-diff)?
An example of this type of transmission would be transfer of a pathogen from a walker handle to the host.
What is contact transmission?
Clostridium difficile is transmitted through this mode of transmission.
What is contact transmission (or fecal-oral route)?
A subcellular organism that is completely dependent on a host cell to replicate.
What is a virus?
The precautions would include a private patient room with negative air pressure, N95 or higher respirator when in room, and immunizing susceptible persons if in contact with vaccine-preventable infections.
What are airborne precautions?
Bacterial infection that is resistant to certain types of antibiotics and is most often seen as a skin infection. It can progress to pneumonia, sepsis and death.
What is MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus)?
The pathogens transmitted by this type of transmission are so small that they can float on air currents in a room for several hours.
What is airborne transmission?
Tuberculosis is spread through this type of transmission.
What is airborne transmission?
A microorganism that does not cause disease in people with an intact host defense system, but can cause devastating disease in immunocompromised people.
What is an opportunistic pathogen?
The precautions would include a private patient room although the door can remain open, provider and patient should wear a mask, and limiting transport of patient outside of the room to medically necessary purposes only.
What are droplet precautions?
Highly contagious virus spread through airborne transmission that results in cough, runny nose, and a rash.
What is measles?
This type of transmission involves pathogens that fall within 3 feet of the source.
In older adults, this is sometimes the first sign of an infection.
What is confusion?
The period between the pathogen entering the host and the appearance of clinical symptoms?
What is incubation period?
These precautions apply to working with all patients regardless of infection status, and include hand hygiene and respiratory hygiene.
What are standard precautions?
Tick-borne disease that results in fever, chills, muscle/joint pain, and bullseye rash. Long term complications include cranial neuropathies and arthritis.
What is Lyme disease?
Infectious organisms are transmitted through a common source to many hosts (such as food or water).
What is vehicle transmission?
The step in the chain of transmission of a pathogen between the portal of exit from the reservoir and the portal of entry into the host.
What is the mode of transmission?
After a microorganism has replicated but remains dormant or inactive in the host.
What is a latent infection?
Transmission based precautions are used to limit the spread of infection within a hospital setting. What is another term for hospital or health care associated infections (HAI's)?
What are nosocomial infections?
What is pseudomonas (aeruginosa)?
This type of transmission involves insects or animals such as in Lyme disease.
What is vector transmission?
This is a protein variant that can become pathogenic and cause rare diseases such as Mad Cow Disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
What is a prion?