Infectious Diseases + Cholera

Definition of a disease

100

What is the definition of a disease?

• A disease is a condition that impairs normal functioning of an organism, often characterized by specific signs and symptoms.

200

What makes a disease infectious?

• A disease is infectious when it can be transmitted from one host to another, usually caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

300

What is a pathogen?

• A pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

400

What is a disease carrier?

A disease carrier is an individual who harbors a pathogen without exhibiting symptoms, but can still transmit the disease to others.

500

What is the transmission cycle?

• The transmission cycle refers to the process by which an infectious agent spreads from one host to another.

Causes of Infectious Diseases

100

Name one way pathogens can enter the human body.

Through ingestion, inhalation, cuts in the skin, or through vectors.

200

What disease is caused by a non-living organism?

HIV/AIDs.

300

What is the causative agent of cholera?

• Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

400

Name the common infectious diseases.

• Common infectious diseases include malaria, tuberculosis, cholera, and HIV/AIDS.

500

What pathogen causes tuberculosis?

• Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis.

Cholera

100

What are symptoms of cholera?

• Symptoms of cholera include severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and in severe cases, shock and death.

200

How can cholera be prevented?

• Cholera can be prevented through proper sewage systems, chlorinated piped water, and vaccination in high-risk areas.

300

What role does sanitation play in cholera prevention?

Proper sanitation helps prevent cholera by reducing the risk of faecal contamination of water and food sources.

400

How is cholera transmitted?

• Cholera is transmitted when water or food becomes contaminated with faeces from infected individuals.

500

What treatment is available for cholera?

• Treatment for cholera includes oral rehydration therapy, intravenous fluids for severe dehydration, and antibiotics in severe cases.

Occurrence of Diseases

100

What is prevalence?

• Prevalence is the total number of cases of a disease in a specified population at a given time.

200

Define endemic.

• Endemic refers to the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a geographic area or population.

300

What is incidence?

•  Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease that occur in a specified population during a specific time period.

400

What is the mortality rate?

The mortality rate is the number of deaths due to a disease in a specific population over a given period of time, usually expressed per 1,000 or 100,000 individuals.

500

What is the difference between epidemic and pandemic?

• An epidemic is a sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in a specific area, while a pandemic is an epidemic that has spread over multiple countries or continents.