Pathophysiology
The surface of the heart is usually this. Described as "without germs"
What is sterile?
Patients with IE usually present with fever and this other common symptom
What is cardiac murmur?
This route of administration is recommended for the treatment of IE
Patients with a history of IE have an increased risk of this in the future
What is recurrent IE?
Increased complications as a result of IE has been associated with higher rates of this
What is length of stay?
What is hospital costs?
What is mortality?
The most common organism associated with infective endocarditis
What is Staphylococcus aureus?
This type of culture is used to definitively diagnose IE
What is blood culture?
The first of these mark the first day of therapy for treatment of IE
What are negative blood cultures?
Patients who are known to use IV drugs should be recommended to do this.
What is stop?
Use of vancomycin and aminoglycosides has been associated with this treatment-related complication
What is an AKI?
Infections of the heart are often associated with this sort of material placed inside
What is prosthetic?
The first imaging done to workup patients suspected of infective endocarditis
What is TTE?
This agent may be added in the treatment regimen of IE with prosthetic valves, it inhibits RNA polymerase and can help with biofilm-associated S. aureus infections
What is rifampin?
This sort of daily hygiene should be stressed to all patients after completing IE treatment
What is dental hygiene?
Acute valvular insufficiency can lead to this in nearly 1/3 of cases, it is also the most common cause of death due to IE
What is heart failure?
Right-sided IE is often more common in younger patients and those with a history of this
What is IVDU?
The gold standard of imaging for diagnosing infective endocarditis
What is TEE?
DAILY DOUBLE
Provide the recommended treatment regimen for a patient with a prosthetic valve that was diagnosed with IE that is shown to be MRSA (assuming no contraindications)
In patients who completed treatment for fungal IE, it is reasonable to have oral suppressive therapy for this duration
What is lifelong?
This common supra-ventricular arrhythmia is associated with mitral/tricuspid valve regurgitation
What is atrial fibrillation?
This effect describes less response and higher MICs to antimicrobials in response to high bacterial densities
What is the inoculum effect?
This criteria is used to help determine the likelihood of infective endocarditis
What is Duke's Criteria?
In instances of IE from fungal infections, this treatment measure should be taken for almost all patients
What is valve surgery?
Patients with a known history of IE should not receive antibiotics for an undetermined febrile disease due to the risk of this.
What is culture negative IE?
Increased activation of the coagulation cascade and bacterial seeding leads to the formation of these. Which can lead to stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, or PE.
What is a septic emboli?