what happened
choose inference
choose main idea
On your own
Meaning
100

You have just gotten a pit bull puppy from an animal shelter. He's lovable but nervous. If you raise your voice for any reason, he cowers and trembles. If you scold him, he hides. When you got him from the shelter, he had a slight limp and a deep scratch across his nose.

The puppy may well have been abused by its former owners.

100

Shakespeare in nineteenth-century America

In the early nineteenth century, Shakespeare was the most widely performed playwright in both the North and Southeast.

In the first half of the nineteenth century, English and American actors could always earn money by performing Shakespeare in towns both big and small.

American audiences were famous for their participation in performances of Shakespeare's plays: They hurled eggs and tomatoes at the villains and cheered and whistled for the heroes.

By the end of the nineteenth century, theater owners claimed that most ordinary people couldn't understand Shakespeare, and they were refusing to stage his plays.


a. Early American audiences embraced Shakespeare's plays enthusiastically because they wanted to prove that they were as clever and sophisticated as their former British rulers.

b. The role of Shakespeare in America changed dramatically as the nineteenth century drew to a close.

The role of Shakespeare in America changed dramatically as the nineteenth century drew to a close.

100

choose the inference that could effectively sum up the main idea.

 When World War II broke out in Europe in 1939, the United States was the only major power without a propaganda agency. More important, despite prodding from England and France, the U.S. had no plans to create one. During World War I, a government-based group known as the Committee for Public Information had successfully stirred up public feeling against German-Americans because America was at war with Germany. As a result, many innocent German-American citizens had been insulted, beaten, even lynched. In addition, a good portion of the American public still believed that the United States had been tricked into entering World War I because of British propaganda. Distrustful of propaganda in general, there was little widespread support for a government agency dispensing it when the second world war broke out.


a. Because of what had happened during World War I, the American public was suspicious of propaganda and not inclined to support its use when World War II first erupted.

b. Aware of how the German government was using propaganda to spread hate and violence, the American public was reluctant to make use of it at the beginning of World War II.

Because of what had happened during World War I, the American public was suspicious of propaganda and not inclined to support its use when World War II first erupted.

100

Haley entered the apartment and fell onto the bed. "What a day!" she said. "I put a cast on one dog's broken leg, cleaned another's teeth, and gave shots to an angry cat."

Haley is a vet

100

Each of us is capable of doing something that takes everyone's breath away if only for a moment.

Surprise someone with beauty

200

You are a high school student sitting in class when a substitute teacher walks in and announces that your regular teacher is ill. Everyone in the class including you erupts in applause. The substitute raps his knuckles on the desk for order, but the students ignore him and talk louder.

 The students are going to take advantage of the substitute teacher.

200

Topic: The medics in World War II

Specific Statements:

During training for combat, the medics were often despised because most of them had refused to take up arms.

 The medics had their own barracks and were separated from combat soldiers, who referred to them as "pill pushers" and laughed at their medical drills.

In actual combat, it was often the medics who meant the difference between life and death for soldiers wounded in battle; they were the ones who braved gunfire to carry wounded soldiers to the hospital.

 In many divisions, soldiers who had lived through combat took up collections in order to provide bonuses for the medics.

Interviewing veterans of World War II, author Stephen Ambrose consistently heard from men who believed they owed their lives to some member of the medical care.


a. The combat experience profoundly changed the way soldiers felt about the medical core.

b. Despite their bravery in the battles of World War II, medics never really received the respect that was due them.

a. The combat experience profoundly changed the way soldiers felt about the medical care.

b. Despite their bravery in the battles of World War II, medics never really received the respect that was due them.

200

choose the inference that could effectively sum up the main idea.

 At his death in 1971, trumpeter Louis Armstrong was much loved as a celebrity. Yet as a musician, he no longer commanded wide respect among the general public. To most people, he was the man with the toothy smile who made occasional appearances in television and movies usually singing what had become his signature songs "Hello, Dolly" and "It's a Wonderful World." Jazz enthusiasts, however, had another take on the passing of Louis Armstrong. To them, he was the New Orleans-born musician who had, along with Bix Beiderbecke, introduced the solo to jazz. With records like "Struttin' with Some Barbecue," "I'm not Rough," and "Potato Head Blues," Louis became the first great jazz influence. As music critic Terry Teachout has written, Louis Armstrong was "the player other players copied." Still, at his death, few really knew what Louis had accomplished. In his honor, radio and television broadcasts played "Hello Dolly," not "West-End Blues," his 1928 recording that starts off with what may be the most famous horn solo in jazz.


a. A hero to much of the jazz community, Louis Armstrong was forgotten by the general public at the time he died.

b. At his death, Louis Armstrong was a beloved celebrity whose spectacular achievements had been forgotten by all but devoted jazz fans.

At his death, Louis Armstrong was a beloved celebrity whose spectacular achievements had been forgotten by all but devoted jazz fans.

200

Dana carefully eased her way into the pool but stayed near the wall, hanging onto it. She watched the other swimmers. "It's really easy," said her friend Janet. "Just relax and float on your back."

Dana doesn't know how to swim.

200

 Unfortunately, we can't live off the fat of the land although indigenous people did so for thousands of years.

Survive based on what nature provides

300

Trevor felt his eyes grow heavier, his mind in a fog. His math teacher said, "Trevor can you do this problem?"

Trevor is having trouble staying awake.

300

When people think of Antarctica, they think of snow and ice. When they think of deserts, they think of sun, heat, and sand. Yet in spite of its cold temperatures, Antarctica is actually a desert. In fact, it is the largest desert on the planet. A desert is a very dry environment that receives less than ten inches of precipitation yearly. On average, Antarctica gets less than two inches. Most of that precipitation is in the form of snow, but rain or ice can sometimes fall as well.

Even though there is snow and ice, Antarctica is a desert.
300

When Bonnie Parker met Clyde Barrow, she was twenty years old. Although she had been a rebellious child and teenager, she had never broken a law in her life. The worst thing she had done in her mother's opinion was run off and get married to a shiftless womanizer who humiliated and neglected her. When Clyde came along, Bonnie was ripe for the attention of a man who seemed to think she was both important and attractive. As long as he didn't desert her, Bonnie didn't much care about Clyde's two-year jail sentence. In jail at least, she knew where he was, and she could write him daily letters about how much she loved him. Bonnie, however, got nervous when she heard that Clyde was planning a jailbreak. To bind him more tightly to her, she smuggled him a gun and helped him escape. After he got caught and sent back to prison, Bonnie was even more determined to wait for the man she called her "one true love." Upon his release from jail, Bonnie took Clyde home to meet her folks and announced she was going to Houston, Texas to get a new job. The next time her mother heard from her, Bonnie Parker was sitting in jail and had formally started her career as one half of the most famous bandit duo in history.

Her romantic attachment to Clyde Barrow led Bonnie Parker into a life of crime.

300

There are so many stumbling blocks for young adults these days.  From high unemployment to the high price of higher education  — it's hard to succeed!

A problem or obstacle that blocks your way

400

Thunder roared and lightning flashed as thick sheets of rain poured down the windows and made puddles outside. Jeffrey sat in the dark, watching the storm.

The storm caused a power outage.

400

The first hair dryer was invented in 1888 by a hairstylist named Alexandre Godefroy. His invention had to be hooked up to a heater. It sent heat through a pipe to a "hat" on the person's head. Before Godefroy's invention, there was no easy way to dry hair. People had to sit next to a stove or fireplace or out in the sun. They didn't wash their hair often. After Godefroy's invention, people could dry their hair faster. By the early 1920s, hairstyles and hair-washing habits were changing. Godefroy's invention was a first step in making it easier to dry and style hair.

Godefroy's invention changed what people could do with their hair.

400

Jill never walked when she could run. On car trips, she always asked, "Are we there yet?" She thought everything cooked too slowly and complained when anything took longer than expected.

Jill is impatient and doesn't like waiting

400

Bob was very careful not to let on what he was thinking to anyone until he got all his ducks in a row.

 to do all the necessary preparations in order to do something

500

Cameron threw the rope into the field.  It landed near the creek.  Doris did not wait for the rope to land.  She darted out into the field and picked the rope up off the ground with her teeth.  If she had been a little bit faster, she might have beaten the rope to its landing spot.  She brought the rope back to Cameron, released it, and then started barking.  Cameron patted Doris on the head and praised her.  Then he wound up and threw the rope as hard as he could.  The wind must have caught the rope too, because it just kept moving.  It landed in the middle of the creek...

Doris will jump in and get wet.

500

As the daughter of a wealthy Illinois businessman, Jane Addams did not have to worry about money. However, she was concerned about the poor. During a trip to Europe, Addams visited Toynbee Hall, a settlement house in London. Settlement houses were places offering free services to the poor. Inspired by what she saw in London, Addams opened a settlement house of her own in Chicago in 1889. Hull House was one of the first centers of its kind in the United States. It helped many families who had just arrived from Italy, Germany, Russia, and Greece. The center offered classes, child care, food, and help with finding jobs.

Hull House was the first place in the US to offer services to the poor.

500

In the movies, England's King Richard the First—he of the lion heart and Robin Hood fame—is a hero of spotless reputation. In Hollywood's many versions of the Robin Hood story, for example, Robin worships good King Richard and would willingly die for him. History, however, offers a different slant on Richard's supposed goodness. In 1189, the Pope called for yet another crusade to take back the holy land of Jerusalem from Moslem rule. Intent on following the Pope's order, Richard combined forces with King Philip the II of France. Together, they managed to take the town of Acre, a port on what is now Israel's Northwestern coast. Attempting to blackmail the Moslem ruler Saladin into giving up sacred lands, Richard took 2,500 civilians hostage, many of them women and children. When Saladin refused, Richard promptly slaughtered every last one of his hostages.

Richard the Lionhearted was not so pure of heart as some movies suggest.

500

He never had money to burn, but he managed to get by.

don't have money to waste - enough to pay bills