Inflammation

Cardinal Signs

100

Latin for redness.

Rubor

200

Inability to make a fist with inflamed hand. 

*bonus for the latin name

Loss of function (Functio laesa)

300

Mediated by bradykinin, PGE₂, histamine.

*bonus for latin name

Dolor (pain)

400

Mediated by leukotrienes, histamine, serotonin.

*bonus for latin name

Tumor (swelling)

Endothelial contraction -> increase vascular permeability -> leakage of protein-rich fluid  -> increased interstitial oncotic pressure 

500

Mediated by histamine, prostaglandins, bradykinin, NO.

*bonus for both and their latin names

Rubor (redness), calor (warmth)

Mediators

100

Interleukin primarily responsible for fever and acute inflammation.

IL-1

200

Raises the temperature setpoint and causes fever in inflammation.

PGE₂

300

Coagulation factor that mediates acute inflammation?

*bonus for both names

Factor XII (Hageman factor)

400

Leukotrienes that mediate swelling.

Leukotrienes C₄, D₄, E₄

500

Pulled out of the cell membrane by phospholipase A₂.

Arachidonic acid

Leukocyte Extravasation

100

First step of leukocyte extravasation.

Margination and rolling

200

Causes the rolling phase of leukocyte extravasation.

*bonus name both

E-selection and P-selectin

Sialyl Lewis

300

Causes adhesion in leukocyte extravasation.

*bonus name both

Cell Adhesion Molecule (CAM)

LFA-1 integrin

400

Factors that mediate migration of leukocyte through endothelium to infection site.

*bonus name all three

C5a, IL-8, LTB₄

also kallikrein, platelet-activating factor

500

Where eukocyte extravasation predominantly occurs.

Postcapillary venules

Outcomes

100

Main leukocyte brought in for chronic inflammation.

Macrophage

200

Resolution when there is an inability to regenerate tissue.

Scar

300

Acute inflammation walled off by fibrosis.

Abcess

400

Cytokines that mediate resolution and healing.

IL-10 and TGF-beta

500

Interleukin that mediates persistent acute inflammation.

IL-8

Wound healing

100

Vitamin needed for wound healing.

Vitamin C

200

Component of granulation tissue that deposits type III collagen.

Fibroblasts

300

Component of granulation tissue that mediates wound contraction.

myofibroblast

400

Minerals needed for wound healing.

copper and zinc

500

What fibroblast growth factor (FGF) mediates.

angiogenesis