Inflammatory cells
What is the more scientific/technical name for white blood cells?
Leukocytes
What is the systemic effect of cytokines?
What does MAC stand for? How does it work
Membrane Attack Complex. Forms hole in bacteria so it releases its contents
What do we call the body's natural response to infections and tissue injury, aimed at eliminating the cause?
Inflammation
What are the possible outcomes of acute inflammation?
1. Resolution (healing)
2. Pus formation (healing)
3. Fibrosis (healing w/ loss of function)
4. Progression to chronic inflammation
What mediators do Mast cells release?
Histamines and prostagladins
What are the two main effects of histamines?
Vasodilation and increased membrane permeability
What are the sensors of injured cells that get recognized by receptors and trigger an immune response?
DAMPs
What species results in endothelial cell damage causing increased vascular injury and when it effects multiple cell types is known as oxidative stress?
ROS
What are the four steps of acute inflammation?
1. RECOGNITION of offending agent
2. RECRUITMENT of leukocytes and plasm proteins
3. REMOVAL of the agent
4. RESOLUTION/REPAIR
What immune cells destroy foriegn antigens and microbial organisms
Neutrophils and Macrophages
TNF and IL-6 are examples of what type of cell mediators?
Cytokines
Where are complement system proteins found?
circulating in blood
What is the term for the misdirected inflammatory response against host tissues?
Autoimmune disorder
What growth factor is responsible for developing new lymphatic vessels and dilating existing lymphatic vessels?
Lymphangiogentic factors, such VEGF
What inflammatory cells are associated with hypersensitivity reactions
Cell membrane phospholipids
What are the three main functions of the complement system?
1. opsonization (tagging)
2. phagocytsosis
3. Cell lysis via MAC
What are two causes of increased vessel permeability in acute inflammation?
What are the three steps involved in leukocyte movement from blood vessels to tissues?
1. Rolling and adhesion to endothelium
2. Diapedesis
3. Migration (in tissues toward chemotactic stimulus
What are the three main steps of phagocytosis
1. RECOGNITION and attachment
2. ENGULFEMENT by immune cells
3. KILLING of agent by ROS or lysosome
What inflammatory mediators are generated by lipoxygenase?
Leukotrienes and Lipoxins
What are the three ways the complement system can be activated?
1. classic complement pathway: antibody attaches
2. Lectin
3. Alternative pathway
What arachidonic acid metabolite is responsible for inhibiting recruitment of leukocytes?
Lipoxin
What are the three ways blood flow changes during acute inflammation?
1. vasodilation
2. stasis
3. neutrophils accumulate along endothelium