Inheritance

Inheritance Types

100

Intermediate Inheritance

Inheritance in which heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes

200

Codominance

Inheritance pattern in which a heterozygote expresses the distinct traits of both alleles

300

Polygenic

combined effect of two or more genes on a single character

400

Incomplete Dominance

when one allele isn't completely expressed over the other (blended)

500

Blending Theory and Disvaildation

offspring will be a blend of all parents traits ; doesn't explain how characteristics disappear and reappear

Definitions

100

Cross-fertilization

process by which sperm from one's flower's pollen fertilizes the eggs in a flower of a different plant

200

Chromosomes Theory of Inheritance

generalization that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior accounts for inheritance patterns

300

Nucleotides

building blocks (monomer) of nucleic acid polymers

400

Nitrogenous Base

single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms with attached function groups, found in nucleic acids

500

DNA Replication

process by copying DNA molecules

Explanations

100

Meiosis explanation

Chromosomes Theory of Inheritance says genes are located on chromosomes and behavior during meiosis/fertilization account's for inheritance patterns

200

DNA chemical structure

phosphate group + sugar (deoxyribose) + nitrogenous base

300

DNA replication process

1. copy itself with template strand

2. 2 strands of double helix separate

3. each strand becomes a template for producing a new complementary strand

400

Transcription process

1. single-strand leaves nucleus and directs making of proteins to cytoplasm

2. RNA bases pair with complimentary DNA base

(uses mRNA with uracil instead of thymine)

500

Translation process

1. uses tRNA to translate the 3-letter codons of mRNA to the amino acids that make up proteins

2. tRNA has an anticodon (area complimentary to the codons on the mRNA) to pass the codons information to an amino acids

3. making a protein from amino acids (w/ help of rRNA linking different amino acids together to form polypeptides (chains of amino acids)

4. has a start and stop codon to know when to begin and end

Random

100

Pyrimidine

a heterocyclic organic compound that is a building block of DNA and RNA

200

Purine

a colorless crystalline compound with basic properties, forming a uric acid on oxidation

300

transcription

process by which a DNA template is used to produce a single-stranded RNA

400

translation

process by which a sequence of nucleic acids in RNA is used to direct the production of a chain of specific amino acids

500

Mendel's 4 hypotheses

Alternative forms of genes called alleles; each inherited characteristics has 2 alleles; when only one characteristics appears in heterozygous, its dominant; two alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation

DNA/RNA

100

deoxyribonucleic acid

molecule responsible for inheritance; nucleic acids that contains the sugar deoxyribose

200

ribonucleic acid

nucleic acid containing the sugar ribose

300

Messenger RNA

RNA molecule transcribed from a DNA template

400

Transfer RNA

RNA that translates the 3-letter codons of mRNA to amino acids

500

Ribosomal RNA

RNA component of ribosomes