Inheritance
Genetic Crosses
Molecular Biology of the Gene
The Central Dogma of Biology
Random
100
Which of the following statements best summarizes Mendel’s four hypotheses about inheritance?
A. Offspring acquire traits through the blending of parental characteristics.
B. Genes come in pairs, alleles can be dominant or recessive, alleles separate during gamete formation, and different genes assort independently.
C. Each parent contributes identical alleles for every trait, and dominant alleles are always inherited together.
D. Traits are determined solely by environmental factors acting on the organism.
What is B?
100
A cross that tracks the inheritance of a single trait, like flower color, is called this.
What is a monohybrid cross?
100
This macromolecule contains the base pairs AT CG; This macromolecule contains the base pairs AU CG
What is DNA? What is RNA?
100
The process of copying a DNA sequence into a complementary RNA sequence is called this.
What is transcription?
100
During translation, the ribosome reads the sequence of codons on mRNA and uses tRNA molecules to assemble a chain of amino acids, forming this type of biological molecule.
What is a protein (polypeptide)?
200
The physical traits of an organism; the genetic makeup of an orgamism
What is the phenotype; genotype
200
In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes (Rr × Rr), the expected genotypic ratio is this.
What is 1:2:1 (RR : Rr : rr)?
200
The specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a protein is known as this.
What is a gene?
200
In the process of translation, groups of three RNA bases that specify a particular amino acid are called this
WHat are codons?
200
During this process, an enzyme called RNA polymerase reads the DNA template strand and builds a complementary RNA strand using uracil in place of thymine.
What is transcription?
300
If an organism has two different alleles for a trait (for example, Rr), it is said to be this. If an organism has the same alleles for a trait, it is said to be this.
What is heterozygous; homozygous
300
In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (RrYy × RrYy), the expected phenotypic ratio is this.
What is 9:3:3:1?
300
Although both molecules are composed of nucleotides, this molecule remains double-stranded and stores genetic information, while the other is single-stranded and plays multiple roles in gene expression, such as carrying messages and building proteins.
What are DNA and RNA?
300
The “central dogma” of molecular biology states that genetic information flows in this one-way direction.
What is DNA-->RNA-->Protein
300
Provide the correct terminology for the following generations:
parents
offspring of parents
offspring of offspring
P generation
F1 generation
F2 generation
400
This principle states that allele pairs separate from each other during the production of gametes.
What is the law of segregation?
400
If two heterozygous tall pea plants (Tt × Tt) are crossed and tall (T) is dominant over short (t), what percentage of the offspring are expected to be heterozygous?
What is 50%?
400
This molecule differs from DNA because it contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose, uses uracil instead of thymine, and is usually single-stranded.
WHat is RNA?
400
Transcribe & Translate the following DNA sequence: TAC ACA TGG CTA GCA ATC
DNA: TAC ACA TGG CTA GCA ATT
RNA: AUG UGU ACC GAU CGU UAA
PROTEIN: MET(START)-CYS-THR-ASP-ARG-STOP
400
Demonstrate how you set up a dihybrid cross using the FOIL method for the following parents: FfHh x FfHh
FH Fh fH fh
FH
Fh
fH
fh
500
When one gene affects multiple traits—such as a single gene influencing both fur color and eye color—this phenomenon occurs.
What is pleiotropy?
500
When performing a test cross, an individual with a dominant phenotype but unknown genotype is crossed with this type of individual to determine its genotype.
What is a homozygous recessive individual?
500
Because each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand, DNA replication is described as this type of process.
What is semi-conservative replication?
500
Transcribe & Translate the following DNA sequence: TACCGTAAGCGGCTATTGATT
DNA: TAC CGT AAG CGG CTA TTG ATT
RNA: AUG GCA UUC GCC GAU AAC UAA
PROTEIN: MET-ALA-Phe-ALA-ASP-Asn-STOP
500
Preform the following dihybrid cross: FfHh x FfHh
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