Meiosis
Phase where the nucleus disappears, spindle fibers begin to form, homologous chromosomes pair up forming a tetrad, and crossing over randomly occurs
Prophase 1
Outer membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm and all organelles
cell membrane
Characteristic passed down from parent to offspring
Inherited Trait
Dominant allele
Phase where spindle fibers connect to chromosomes and align them in the middle of the cell
Metaphase
Organelle in a cell where the DNA/chromosomes are inside
Nucleus
Variations of a specific gene
Allele
Type of allele that might be covered up if present and is represented by a lowercase letter
Recessive Allele
Phase where chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell(s)
Anaphase
Condensed DNA strands
Chromosome
The pair of alleles an organism inherits for each gene
Genotype
Both copies of the allele in the genotype are the SAME
Similarities between Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2
1. Both go through the same phases in the same order (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis)
2. Both are involved in cell division, resulting in an even number daughter cells
3. Both create haploid daughter cells (half the number of chromosomes than the parent)
Strands of genes that make up a chromosome, another name for genetic material
DNA
The outward, physical appearance of a trait
Phenotype
One copy of the allele in the genotype is for the dominant trait and one copy of the allele in the genotype is for the recessive trait
Heterozygous
Differences between Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2
1. Crossing Over happens in Prophase 1 of Meiosis 1, not Meiosis 2
2. There is 1 cell in Meiosis 1, resulting in 2 haploid daughter cells after cytokinesis where in Meiosis 2 there are 2 cells, resulting in 4 haploid daughter cells after cytokinesis
3. Homologous chromosome pairs are being separated in Anaphase 1 of Meiosis 1 whereas individual chromosomes are being separated into sister chromatids in Anaphase 2 of Meiosis 2
An organism's physical characteristics
Genes/Traits
A difference in inherited characteristics between parent and offspring
Genetic Variation
If H represents the trait eye color and brown= dominant trait and blue=recessive trait, what PHENOTYPE would the genotype Hh show?
Brown eyes