Knowledge, Creation & Worldview
Willie Ermine describes knowledge not as something we own, but as what?
A living entity / “Knowledge as a Being”
Are Indigenous protocols universal rules across all Nations?
No — they are diverse and Nation-specific
What is one key feature of Indigenous models of health?
Holistic (physical, mental, emotional, spiritual)
According to Mitchell, where do our “Sacred Instructions” come from?
Within us (encoded in DNA / spirit / creation)
According to Mitchell, where are our “Sacred Instructions” held?
Within us (in our spirit / body / DNA)
According to Sylvia McAdam, what fundamental element connects all of creation through vibration?
Sound / vibration / the sound of the universe
What major historical force disrupted ceremony and knowledge transmission?
Colonization (including Indian Act, assimilation policies)
In client-centred care, who is considered the expert in decision-making?
The client
What concept explains that all beings share the same origin?
Interconnectedness / oneness / shared creation
What does Mitchell say all living beings share?
The same foundational elements / same origin (interconnectedness)
In Indigenous worldview, what is the relationship between land and health?
If the land is not healthy, people cannot be healthy (interconnected wellbeing)
What is the primary role of Elders in Indigenous culture?
Knowledge keepers, teachers, role models, transmitters of culture and values
Name TWO principles of client-centred care.
(any two) respect, autonomy, collaboration, safety, holistic care, accessibility
What does Mitchell identify as a major problem in modern society?
Separation from nature and each other
What is the “creation song”?
The vibrational frequency or voice that connects all life and creation
What is the purpose of ceremony according to Sun Bear?
To give back energy to Creation that humans constantly receive
What is the role of ceremony in reconciliation?
Creates space for truth-telling, healing, and restoring balance
What are the four stages of client-centred care collaboration?
Identify needs, make decisions, provide care, evaluate outcomes
What does “we are the result of the love of thousands” mean?
We carry ancestral lineage, responsibility, and connection across generations
Which community does Jennifer Buffalo come from?
Whitecap Dakota Nation
Explain how Indigenous creation stories function beyond “stories” in shaping worldview and health.
They provide teachings about relationships, responsibilities, identity, and guide how to live in balance with creation (not just narrative but instruction)
Why is it important that students are “invited” rather than required to adopt Indigenous practices?
Respect for autonomy, diversity of beliefs, and avoiding appropriation; learning is relational, not forced
A patient refuses treatment based on cultural beliefs. How should a provider respond using client-centred care?
Respect decision, engage in dialogue, understand perspective, collaborate on alternative care plan
How does Sacred Instructions challenge Western individualism?
Emphasizes relationality, collective responsibility, interconnected identity over individualism
What community is Elder Arlene Mckay from?
Sioux Valley Dakota Nation