First Line of Defense
Mucus in the mucous membranes is produced by
A) endothelial cells.
B) goblet cells.
C) the lacrimal apparatus.
D) ciliated epithelial cells.
B) goblet cells.
Hematopoiesis occurs in which of the following?
A) liver
B) bone marrow
C) kidneys
D) central nervous system
B) bone marrow
The attraction of phagocytes to microorganisms is called
A) chemotaxis.
B) adherence.
C) opsonization.
D) engulfment.
A) chemotaxis.
Which one of the following is NOT a first line of defense?
A) Skin
B) Tears
C) Saliva
D) Fever
D) Fever
Which one of the following is classified as an agranulocyte?
A) Monocyte
B) Neutrophil
C) Eosinophil
D) Basophil
A) Monocyte
Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE?
A) They are found in certain tissues and organs.
B) They develop from neutrophils.
C) They are cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system.
D) They are mature monocytes.
E) They gather at sites of infection.
B) They develop from neutrophils.
The ciliary escalator functions by moving microbes
A) toward the lower respiratory tract.
B) into the esophagus.
C) toward the throat.
D) out of the nose.
C) toward the throat.
Which one of the following leukocyte types functions to produce toxins against helminth parasites?
A) Lymphocytes
B) Basophils
C) Eosinophils
D) Neutrophils
C) Eosinophils
PAMPs would be found on the surface of which of the following?
A) pathogen
B) phagocyte
C) leukocyte
D) endothelial cell
A) pathogen
The low pH of the skin is due to the production of
A) lysozyme.
B) sebum.
C) perspiration.
D) keratin.
B) sebum.
The secondary lymphoid organs consist of the following EXCEPT
A) Lymph nodes.
B) Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).
C) Spleen.
D) Thymus.
D) Thymus.
Phagocytes have a pathogen-recognition system known as ________ that leads to the recognition, containment, and destruction of a pathogen.
A) phagosome
B) lysosome
C) PRR
D) PAMP
C) PRR
The substance in perspiration that breaks down cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria is
A) cerumen.
B) keratin.
C) salt.
D) lysozyme.
D) lysozyme.
Which of the following is/are NOT a second line of defense?
A) Fever
B) Inflammation
C) Phagocytic cells
D) Peristalsis
E) Antimicrobial proteins
D) Peristalsis
Each of the following provides protection to pathogens from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT
A) M protein.
B) capsules.
C) formation of phagolysosomes.
D) leukocidins.
E) biofilms.
C) formation of phagolysosomes.