The Layers
Plates of Earth are made of a combination of crust and mantle, a layer referred to as the.....
Lithosphere
Harry Hess hypothesized that continents are moved along as part of a process he referred to as...
Sea floor spreading
Boundaries located where two plates are colliding into each other are called
Convergent Boundary
The transfer of energy through empty space
Radiation
What are the three types of rocks?
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
The layer of Earth separating the mantle into the upper and the lower mantle is the
Aesthenosphere
Who hypothesized the idea of continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
The edges of the plates meet at lines called...
Plate boundaries
Give me an example of radiation...
The sun heating the earth
What is the law of superposition?
States that any layer that is formed after the previous layer is younger
The innermost part of the earth is called the ______________ and it is made of _____________.
inner core, solid metal
Who hypothesized the theory of plate tectonics?
J. Tuzo Wilson
a place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions
Transform boundary
The transfer of heat energy by direct contact of particles of matter
Conduction
Geologists have used two main types of evidence to learn about Earth’s interior, what are they?
Direct evidence from rock samples and indirect evidence from s waves
lower mantle, aesthenosphere, upper mantle
What is the landmass made up of all the continents (before they drifted apart) called?
Pangea
Two plates move apart, usually occurs at mid-ocean ridges
Divergent boundary
Give me an example of conduction
Metal spoon heating up in a pot of hot soup
How do convection currents work inside the earth?
Act like a conveyor belt moving the lithosphere above for the past four billion years
Why were scientists able to determine that the inner core is solid metal, but the outer core is molten metal?
When tracking s-waves, they were only able to move through the outer core, which would mean the outer core is liquid and the inner core is solid.
Give me two of the three pieces of evidence Wegener used to support his hypothesis of continental drift:
1. Evidence from land features such as mountain ranges
2. Evidence from fossils
3. Evidence from climate change, scratches on rocks from glaciers
This occurs when a deep valley is formed along a divergent boundary that develops on land
Rift Valley
Transfer of heat by the movement of a heated fluid (includes liquids and gases)
Convection
What is subduction?
a sideways, downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earths crust beneath another plate