Past Modals of Deduction/Speculation
Write a sentence using a past modal of deduction/speculation, maintaining the same meaning.
Dave's not here, but his phone is here. It's possible he went for a run.
Dave may/might/could have gone for a run.
Write a sentence using a past modal of obligation/advisability, maintaining the same meaning.
I had an obligation to take care of my baby cousin last night.
I had to take care of my baby cousin last night.
abundant
scarce
He's a ____________________ womanizer who admits to dating 2 or 3 women at a time.
self-confessed
What is the definition of "frugal innovation"?
Write a sentence using a past modal of deduction/speculation, maintaining the same meaning.
Sarah is at work, but her car is still here. I'm pretty sure she rode her bike to work.
She must have ridden her bike to work.
Write a sentence using a past modal of obligation/advisability, maintaining the same meaning.
It was a terrible idea to drink the night before the exam.
I shouldn't have drunk the night before the exam.
good times
adversity
We forgot about the presentation so we were forced to _______________ and come up with something on the spot.
improvise
Complete this saying, which means "don't create something that already exists"
Don't r___________ the w_________________. (from the TED Talk)
Don't reinvent the wheel.
Write a sentence using a past modal of deduction/speculation, maintaining the same meaning.
I thought I saw Carlos on the bus, but I know he flew to Spain last night. It's impossible that I saw him on the bus.
I couldn't have seen him/I can't have seen him on the bus this morning.
Write a sentence using a past modal of obligation/advisability, maintaining the same meaning.
I had the choice to take a speaking test instead of a written test, but it wasn't necessary.
I didn't have to take a speaking test.
clumsy
agile
We forgot to bring enough food on the camping trip, so we're going to have to be __________________ and figure out other things to eat!
resourceful
Innovation from the top 50 innovations since the wheel:
17. Oriented us, even at sea
compass
Write a sentence using a past modal of deduction/speculation, maintaining the same meaning.
I emailed Phil but he hasn't responded yet. It's very likely he hasn't read my email yet.
He must not have read my email yet.
I had an obligation to write an essay, but I didn't do it. Which of the following are incorrect: (you must choose ALL correct answers)
1) I should have written my essay.
2) I must have written my essay.
3) I was supposed to have written my essay.
4) I was to have written my essay.
5) I shouldn't have written my essay.
1, 3, 5
extravagant
frugal
New inventions and innovations come from the ______________ of people who see something that people need and make it a reality.
ingenuity
Name 3 things in science/technology that use origami
stents/tubes, telescope, robots, airbags, etc.
Write a sentence using a past modal of deduction/speculation, maintaining the same meaning.
My mom showed my boyfriend my baby pictures but he still likes me. I'm pretty sure she didn't show him the embarrassing pictures.
She must not have shown him the embarrassing pictures.
Change to formal English:
The boss asked us to wear formal attire to the meeting, but we didn't.
We were to wear formal attire to the meeeting. (but we didn't)
unimaginative
ingenious
I'd never ___________________ myself with 4 children, but my husband wanted them so here we are.
envisaged
Final jeopardy: Find and correct the five errors in the following sentences:
Jane was send home from work because of her clothes. She must have not wored her uniform AGAIN. This company is literred with employees who don't follow the rules. The boss must have just fired her, but he won't because he's her uncle.
Jane was 1)sent home from work because of her clothes. She must 2)not have 3) worn her uniform AGAIN. This company is 4) littered with employees who don't follow the rules. The boss 5) should have just fired her, but he won't because he's her uncle.