The Electromagnetic Spectrum
The type of Electromagnetic Radiation with the longest wavelength
Radio wave
Where the universe came from / how the universe began
The main element in our sun (and in all main sequence stars)
Hydrogen
The material that stars are made of
Plasma
Gravity pulling inwards and nuclear fusion pushing outwards
This is the same for all types of electromagnetic radiation
Speed (the speed of light)
The average temperature of the universe has done this since the Big Bang
Decreased
Nuclear fusion can happen in the cores of stars because these conditions are met
High heat and high pressure
What protects Earth from damage during solar storms
Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere
The three classifications of stars
It has higher energy than violet light but lower energy than x-rays
Ultraviolet
According to the Doppler Effect, the spectra of planets moving towards Earth will look this way
Blue shifted
The layers of the sun from the center outwards
Core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona
The three types of space weather
Solar flares, solar winds, coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
Spectral class, surface temperature, color, luminosity, life stage, relative mass
If you are looking at a star that is 10 light-years away, the light left that star this many years ago
10 years
How the Doppler Effect is evidence of the Big Bang Theory
Nuclear fusion in a main sequence star (including where it happens and what is produced)
Hydrogen nuclei fusing to become a helium nucleus in the core, release energy in the form of a gamma ray
Where each type of space weather happens on stars
CMEs and solar wind come from the corona, solar flares are on the photosphere
The life stages of all 3 star types after they leave the main sequence stage
(low mass) red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf
(high mass) red supergiant, supernova, neutron star/pulsar
(very high mass) red supergiant, supernova, black hole
List the 7 wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum in order from lowest energy to highest energy
radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays
The three (3) primary pieces of evidence that support the Big Bang Theory
Red shift of galaxies (the Doppler effect), cosmic microwave background radiation, and the composition of young galaxies
How the energy, wavelength, frequency, and speed of a photon changes as it makes its way out of the sun
Energy decreases, wavelength increases (gets longer), frequency decreases, speed stays the same
What space weather is and what causes it
A release of charged particles (plasma) and radiation caused by changes/motion in a star's magnetic field
Why stars become red giants/supergiants at the end of the main sequence stage (including why they leave main sequence)
When a star has run out of hydrogen fuel, nuclear fusion stops and the star is no longer in equilibrium so it will collapse in on itself. This causes the temperature to increase, which causes the gases of the star to expand. It also causes the pressure in the core to increase, which allows helium fusion to happen.