INTEGUMENTARY
What are the three layers of skin?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
Name 3 functions of bones
structure/support, produce red blood cells, store fat, store calcium, protect organs, act as levers for muscles
What makes bones hard?
Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate crystal)
Which bone shape is the femur?
Long bone
Where are suture joints found?
The skull (suture joints fuse bones together)
What are eccrine glands?
sweat glands on whole body, active one's whole life
What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?
Compact bone does not have as much space between the cells (more dense) and spongy bones have trabeculae (which creates holes in the spongy bone making it less dense). Compact bone is thus heavier and stronger.
What makes bone strong?
collagen (protein fibers)
Which bone shape is a vertebrae?
irregular bone
What is a syndesmosis joint?
bones held tightly together by ligaments (like the clavicle to the scapula) or interosseus membranes (like between the radius and ulna), no movement
What are apocrine glands?
sweat glands that activate during puberty, only found in armpits, nipples, and anogenital region, cause odor
What's the difference between red and yellow bone marrow?
Red is where blood cells are made (hematopoiesis) and yellow is fat storage
What was the purpose of the chicken bone in vinegar experiment?
The vinegar dissolved the calcium phosphate from the bone, demonstrating that without the hydroxyapatite the bone is not hard, but is still strong.
Which bone shape is a tarsal bone?
short bone
What is a symphysis joint?
cartilaginous joint that allows for slight movement (like between vertebrae or the pubic symphysis)
What are tactile corpuscles?
Nerves in skin that sense light touch
What's the difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
Blasts Build, Clasts Cut down (osteoblasts build new bone matrix, osteoclasts break down bone matrix)
What is a joint?
The site where a bone meets another bone
Which bone shape is the sternum?
Flat bone
What movement is allowed by a hinge joint?
Flexion/extension
What are lamellated corpuscles?
Nerves in skin that sense deep pressure
Why would your body need to build up and cut down bone?
build: growth, repair of fractures, calcium storage
cut down: reshaping (during repair) and to release calcium into the bloodstream
What are the three categories of joint types?
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Why aren't flat bones considered long bones if they are usually pretty long?
Long bones have to have epiphyses (expanded ends)
What movement is allowed by a ball and socket joint?
All types (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction)