Epidermis
How many layers does the epidermis contain?
5 layers in thick skin and 4 layers in thin skin
What are the two structure within the dermis that Dr. G wanted you to remember within the papillary layer?
meissner corpuscle and free nerve endings
Give one example of an exocrine gland, and briefly describe its function.
Sebaceous = sebum secretion, Sudoriferous (eccrine/apocrine) = sweat secretion, Ceruminous = ear wax, Mammary = breast milk
Name at least one organ/accessory structures of the integumentary system.
Organ: skin
Accessory structures: hair, nails, glands, blood vessels, muscles and nerves
What is one simple thing we can do to prevent skin cancer?
Apply sunscreen! Sunscreen is like a "bullet proof vest" that absorbs ultraviolent radiation from the sun, so it doesn't come in direct contact with your skin (epidermis).
The stratum lucidum is present in which parts of the body?
Palms, palmar regions of the fingers, toes & soles -- these are the only parts that contain a 5-layer epidermis
What is the purpose of epidermal ridges?
increase SA of epidermis, help to increase grip of the hand or foot, tactile sensitivity
How do exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands?
Endocrine ducts secrete their substances (hormone) into the blood, while exocrine glands contain ducts that carry their secretory substances to the surfaces.
Give me two functions of the integumentary system WITHOUT NOTES
- protection, temp regulation, vitamin D synthesis, sensory information
The arrector pili is an involuntary muscle that causes what?
Goose bumps
How does a a first-degree burn differ from a second-degree burn?
First-degree burns only affect the epidermis while second-degree burns affect the epidermis and the dermis.
What are the structures found in the reticular layer that Dr. G wants you to know?
epidermal ridges, hair follicle, sebaceous gland, pacinian corpuscle
What is deep to the dermis?
What are the layers of the skin?
Epidermis and dermis -- hypodermis is NOT part of the skin.
How do henna tattoos differ from real ink tattoos?
The ink in real tattoos penetrate the skin deeper than the epidermal layer and into the dermal layer. The blood vessels draw the ink in to be permanently lasting. On the other hand, henna tattoos are only placed on the surface of the skin (epidermis)
Which layer of the epidermis are melanocytes found? Describe how the number of melanocytes differ from person to person.
Melanocytes are found in the stratum basale aka stratum germinativum. Each person has the same amount of melanocytes but the activity and amount of melanin produced differs and thus determines skin color.
What is the function of the meissner corpuscle found in the papillary layer of the dermis?
Functions to transmit sensations of touch
Describe the similarities and differences between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.
Similarities = both secrete sweat; Differences: Eccrine functions to regulate body temp via evaporation. It has an extensive distribution. Apocrine have a limited distribution and its responsible for the sticky, cloudy odor from our axilla.
Describe what layers are correlated with each degree of burns?
1st- epidermis, 2nd- epidermis and dermis, 3rd- all three
Blaze can't shiver
List the 5 layers of the epidermis from SUPERFICIAL to DEEP.
Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale (aka stratum germinativum)
"Come Let's Get Some Beer"
What are epidermal ridges? Describe its function.
Epidermal ridges are found in the papillary layer of the dermis. They are downward projection of epidermis into dermis between the dermal papillae, and they function to increase surface area of epidermis which helps with grip of foot and hand.
Name and describe all 4 exocrine glands we covered in lecture.
Sebaceous = secretes sebum to moisten hair, waterproofs, and soften skin; Sudoriferous = sweat galnds, Ceruminous = secrete ear wax for protection, Mammary glands = secretes breast milk that contains immune cells
What is the deadliest from of skin cancer?
malignant melanoma
what is the purpose of the hypodermis?
serves as a storage depot for fat, blood supply for the skin, and contains sensory nerve endings