burns
what kind of burn results in blisters?
2nd degree
which factor is primarily responsible for differences in normal skin color among individuals?
the amount and distribution of melanin produced by melanocytes
which of the following is not normally considered "dead" cells? hair, stratum corneum, macrophages, upper epidermis
macrophages
the study of the integumentary system is called
dermatology
the epidermal cells that provide a sense of touch to the skin are called
Merkel cells
scarring formed during deep wound healing is a result of the formation of which substance?
collagen
the most dangerous (although the least likely to occur) form of skin cancer is
melanoma
which of the following is not an epidermal derivative?
nails, hair, glands, enamel, fibrin
fibrin
apocrine sweat glands are mainly located in the
armpits and groin
eccrine glands secrete what? (include at least 2 substances)
urea, sweat, water, electrolytes
what are 3 things that the body is more likely to suffer from as a result of severe burns?
-severe fluid loss/dehydration
-hypovolemic shock
-infection
-impaired thermoregulation
-electrolyte imbalance
-scarring
-pain and loss of sensation
a medical condition that result in chronically scaly, itchy skin is
psoriasis
which of the following is not involved in determining hair color?
iron, melanin, sulfur, urine, genetic mutations
urine
the formation of scar tissue is typically called
fibrosis
what is the main function of melanin? list 3 areas of the body where melanocytes are highly concentrated
Melanin absorbs UV radiation, helps protect cell DNA, contributes to pigmentation.
High concentration areas: nipples/areolae, external genitalia, lips, face, axillae, palms, or soles.
what are 4 different things that can cause a burn?
-UV radiation
-heat
-electricity
-chemicals
what term describes the condition of integumentary blood vessels when the body is too hot?
vasodilation
hair growth can be altered by the presence or absence of which hormone?
androgens
sweat glands are more specifically called
sudoriferous glands
list and describe 2 disorders of the skin
acne, eczema, dermatitis, skin cancer, tinea, impetigo, psoriasis, warts, albinism, hives
indicate the layers of the skin that are damaged with 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns and one trait that is associated with each level
First: epidermis only; red, painful, dry, no blisters, usually no scarring.
Second: epidermis plus part of dermis; blisters and significant pain.
Third: entire epidermis and dermis, possibly subcutaneous tissue; white/brown/charred/leathery appearance, reduced sensation, and possible need for grafting.
list 3 things that decrease in # in the skin with old age and list 1 thing that can accelerate the decrease
epidermal thickness/cell replacement, collagen and elastic fibers, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, sweat/sebaceous gland activity, vascularity, subcutaneous fat, or sensory receptors.
Accelerating factors: chronic UV exposure, smoking, poor nutrition, dehydration, chronic illness, hormonal changes, prolonged steroid use, or inactivity.
what are 4 other things that can have an effect on hair growth or hair loss?
genetics, aging, hormonal changes/androgens, thyroid disorders, stress, illness or fever, poor nutrition, iron/protein deficiencies, medications, autoimmune disease, pregnancy/postpartum changes
What are three functions of the sebum produced by sebaceous (oil) glands?
-Lubricates/softens skin and hair
-reduces water loss and drying/cracking
-Helps inhibit the growth of some bacteria and fungi
what are the 2 types of tissue found in the subcutaneous layer, and what is one role or function of each tissue?
Areolar connective tissue: anchors skin and permits movement.
Adipose tissue: insulation, cushioning/protection, and energy storage.