Language
The smallest distinctive unit in a sound in a language
What is a phoneme?
The mental activities that are associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering.
What are cognitive abilities?
the ability to learn from experience solve problems and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
What is intelligence?
occurs when confidence is greater than accuracy
What is overconfidence?
Our tendency to approach a problem in a particular way
What are mental sets?
The smallest unit that carries meaning in a language
What is a morpheme
mental groupings based on shared similarities
What are concepts?
three types of intelligence that are part of Robert Sternberg's theory of intelligence
What is analytic intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence?
the way we word or present an issue, can profoundly affect a judgement
what is framing?
A typical best example that incorporates the major features of a concept
What is a prototype?
A system of rules that govern how we can combine the phonemes, morphemes, and words to produce meaningful communications
What is grammer?
Placing an animal that you don't recognize into a category with an animal you do.
What is an example of forming conceptual categories?
a factor that fuels all types of intelligences and allows us to excel in multiple areas
what is the g-factor?
estimates the likelihood of events based on the ability in our memory
what is the availability heuristic?
the ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions in a way that allows people to get along well with others
what is emotional intelligence?
the way in which words are grouped together to make meaningful sentences
What is syntax?
these keep mental information organized
What are concept hierarchies?
What is the difference between mental age and physical age?
mental age- difficulty level of the questions a child can answer
physical age- the child's actual age
our tendency to focus on information that supports our preconceptions
What is conformation bias?
How can you tell if a test is reliable?
If it has test retest reliability, split half reliability, scorer reliability, and the test is valid
the three language stages
what are babbling, one word stage, and two word stage?
What are the differences between
algorithms-
insight-
and heuristics-
algorithm- guarantees a solution to a problem
heuristics- make a solution more likely but don't guarantee one
insight- sudden realization of a solution
What are all eight of the multiple intelligence's
bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, musical, naturalistic, logical mathematical, verbal linguistic, and visual spacial
a mental set that hinders the solution to a problem, for example thinking of things only in terms of their usual function
What is fixation?
what is the difference between an aptitude and achievement test and give an example for both?
achievement tests- measure what the test taker has already accomplished (ex. standardized test)
aptitude test- predict test takers future performance (ex. SAT/ACT)