Measures of Disease Frequency
The total number of cases of a disease in a population at a given time.
What is prevalence?
This study design is commonly used to measure the incidence to a disease.
What is a cohort study?
The relative measure of association when comparing cumulative incidences of two groups.
What is the Risk Ratio?
The widely accepted alpha level when assessing statistical significance.
What is p < 0.05?
This term describes a situation where the effect of the primary exposure on the outcome is mixed with the effect of another variable.
What is confounding?
The number of new cases of a disease that occur in a specified population during a defined time period.
The gold standard study design to assess causality between an exposure and outcome.
What is a randomized controlled trial.
The Relative Risk when there is no association between the exposure and the outcome.
What is 1?
This range of values is used to estimate the true population parameter with a certain level of confidence.
What is a confidence interval?
This term refers to a situation where the effect of the main exposure on the outcome differs depending on the level of another variable.
What is effect measure modification?
The units of a denominator of a prevalence.
What is people.
The two types of cohort studies.
What are prospective and retrospective.
This type of table is used in epidemiology to display the relationship between two categorical variables, often used to calculate measures like odds ratios and relative risks.
What is a 2X2 table?
This term refers to the initial assumption that there is no effect or no difference in a statistical test.
What is the null hypothesis?
This statistical technique can be used to adjust for confounding variables in the analysis phase.
What is multivariable regression?
The units of a denominator of a rate.
What is person-time?
This type of study compares individuals with a disease to those without the disease to identify possible causes.
What is a case-control study?
The two types of measures of association.
What are absolute and relative measures?
Increasing this aspect of a study can reduce the margin of error and increase the precision of the estimates.
What is sample size?
How we typically present results when effect measure modification is present?