Reasoning A
A Statement, a sentence with a truth value.
What is a PROPOSITION?
Three fundamental logical operators are...
What are NEGATION, CONJUNCTION, and DISJUNCTION?
This logical operator denies or contradicts a proposition.
What is NEGATION (~, NOT)?
The proposition following the "if" in the conditional is called the...
What is the ANTECEDENT?
This logical operator is true if and only if both the propositions are true.
What is a CONJUNCTION (AND)?
A proposition is ___________ when its truth value depends upon the truth values of its component parts.
What is TRUTH-FUNCTIONAL?
A logical operator is true if and only if one or both of the propositions is true.
What is a DISJUNCTION (OR)?
The proposition following the "then" in a conditional is called the...
What is the CONSEQUENT?
If and only if two propositions have identical truth values in a truth table they are said to be...
What is LOGICALLY EQUIVALENT?
A proposition that is always true by logical structure.
What is a TAUTOLOGY?
A proposition that is false by logical structure.
What is a SELF-CONTRADICTION?
When an argument is ________, the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.
What is VALID?
If the premises can be true and the conclusion false the argument is _____________.
What is INVALID?
If two propositions can be true at the same time they are said to be _________________.
What is CONSISTENT?
Formal proofs can only prove ____________.
What is VALIDITY?
Escaping the horns of a dilemma by denying the disjunctive premise and provide a third alternative, somewhere in the middle.
What is GO BETWEEN THE HORNS?
Forms of equivalent statements.
What are the RULES OF REPLACEMENT?
One way of escaping the horns of a dilemma is done by rejecting one of the conditionals in the conjunctive premise.
What is GRASP IT BY THE HORNS?
Is a valid argument form that can be used to justify steps in a proof.
What is the RULE of INFERENCE?
Escaping the horns of a dilemma by giving a counter-dilemma.
What is REBUT THE HORNS?
If you get a contradiction when assuming that two or more propositions are all true, then they are not ______________.
What is CONSISTENT?
A valid argument which presents a choice between two conditionals.
What is a DILEMMA?
A step-by-step deduction of a conclusion from a set of premises, each step being justified by an appropriate basic rule.
What is FORMAL PROOF of VALIDITY?
Can every argument be proved using only the rules of inference?
What is NO?
p or q if and only if q or p
p and q if and only if q and p
What is COMMUTATION (COM.)