Cardiology
What is the first-line treatment for HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction <40%)?
What is...
1. ACEi/ARB/ARNi*
2. Beta-blocker (Metoprolol succinate, carvedilol, or bisoprolol)
3. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (Spironolactone or Eplerenone)
4. Sodium Glucose Co-transporter Inhibitor (SGLT2i)
5. Furosemide PRN (no mortality benefit, only symptom relief)
Which viral infection is particularly severe in patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes, especially during winter?
What is influenza?
What is the usual A1c goal for most adults with diabetes?
What is <7%
Which inhaler is recommended as both maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) for patients with asthma, providing anti-inflammatory control and rapid bronchodilation in a single device?
What is inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) – formoterol?
What is the criteria for reduced dose apixaban when being used for atrial fibrillation?
patients must meet 2 out of the 3 following criteria:
Age >80 years
Weight <60 kg
SCr ≥ 1.5 mg/dL
What are the high intensity statins (including doses)?
Which pathogen is a common cause of urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with indwelling catheters?
What is E. coli?
Which drug class is associated with weight loss and ASCVD risk reduction?
What is GLP-1 receptor agonists?
In a patent who was hospitalized for a COPD exacerbation and has an eosinophil count >300, what is the recommended inhaler combination?
What is LABA + LAMA + ICS?
What is the INR goal for a mechanical mitral valve?
What is 2.5 - 3.5
What is a broad spectrum antibiotic that can be used for empiric coverage when concerned for Pseudomonas infection?
What is piperacillin-tazobactam or meropenem or cefepime?
Additional correct answers: ceftazidime, fluoroquinolones, aztreonam, aminoglycosides, imipenem
Which diabetes drug class is contraindicated in HFrEF due to fluid retention?
What is thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone)?
Which inhaled medication is preferred as rescue therapy in COPD exacerbations?
What is short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) (e.g., albuterol)
Which antibiotic is recommended for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia?
What is Vancomycin? (or daptomycin)
Which type of insulin is typically used for basal coverage in patients with diabetes?
What is long-acting insulin (e.g., glargine, detemir, degludec)?
Which anti arrhythmic requires thyroid and liver monitoring and can cause pulmonary toxicity?
What is Amiodarone?
A patient on chronic steroids develops oral white patches. What is the likely infection?
What is oral candidiasis?
What are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia? (Must name at least 3 for credit)
What is
Tremors or shakiness
Palpitations
Sweating (diaphoresis)
Anxiety or nervousness
Hunger
Paresthesia (tingling around lips or fingers)
Confusion or difficulty concentrating
Weakness or fatigue
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Blurred vision
Headache
Irritability or mood changes
Seizures (severe)
Loss of consciousness / coma (severe)