General Knowledge
Do we treat fever in our patients?
No
Define hormone
Chemical produced by a specific endocrine organ that is transported by blood to affect a distant target organ
What type of hypersensitivity occurs in anaphylaxis?
Type I (immediate)
Painful or difficult urination
Dysuria
Imaging study that best assesses liver size
Radiographs
Disease that can be transmitted through contaminated water when exposed to skin lesions
Leptospirosis
The pituitary gland is composed of 2 parts
Adenohypophysis (anterior) - formed from Rathke’s pouch
Neurohypophysis (posterior) - outpouching of neural ectoderm from the floor of the 3rd ventricle
What type of hypersensitivity occurs in Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?
Type II (cytotoxic)
What is the water consumption in polydipsia?
> 90 mL/kg/day
Most common type of PSS in large dogs
Intrahepatic PSS
Most common nasal tumor in cats
Nasal lymphoma
Hormonal control of physiological functions:
• Metabolism:
Metabolism:
• Energy: insulin, glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine, thyroid hormone, growth hormone
• Mineral: PTH, calcitonin, angiotensin, renin
What type of hypersensitivity occurs in systemic lupus erythematosus?
Type III (immune complex)
Excessively frequent passage of small volumes of urine
Pollakiuria
Ideal diagnostic method for hepatic lipidosis
Liver cytology
Most common nasal tumor in dogs
Nasal adenocarcinoma
Feedback control mechanisms
Negative Feedback:
Positive Feedback:
Negative Feedback: An increase in the secretion of a hormone results in a decrease in tropic hormone secretion.
Positive Feedback: an increase in the secretion of a hormone results in an increase in tropic hormone secretion
Less common than negative Feedback
Ex: preovulatory release of LH in response to estrogen
What type of hypersensitivity occurs in Lymphocytic thyroiditis?
Type IV (delayed type)
Painful, slow, and often spasmodic urination
Stranguria
Etiologic agent of the disease known as liver fluke
Platynosomum fastosum
What is the autoimmune destruction of red blood cells and platelets called?
Evans Syndrome
Types of cell communication
• Paracrine: Diffuses through interstitial fluids to influence adjacent cells
• Autocrine: Messenger acts on the cell of origin (ex, IL-1 in monocytes, tumor growth & survival factors in tumor cells)
• Neurotransmitter: Affects communication between neurons or between neurons and target cells.
What disease is the antinuclear antibody (ANA) test used for?
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Name the disorder in which urinary bleeding originates in the kidney?
Idiopathic Renal Hematuria
The Bedlington Terrier is predisposed to this liver disease
Copper storage disease
Group of disorders in which certain metabolic enzymes necessary for normal body functions
Lysosomal storage diseases
Hormonal control of physiological functions:
• Growth:
Growth: GH, T4, estrogen, androgen
Immunosuppressive dose of prednisone for a dog over 25kg?
50 – 60 mg/m2 once daily
Common nephrotoxin that affect cats
Lilies
Benign condition of older dogs that does not cause clinical illness
Hepatic nodular hyperplasia
Differential for a puppy with seizures, hypoglycemia, and normal bile acids
Cobalamin deficiency
Hormonal control of physiological functions:
• Reproduction:
Reproduction: estrogen, androgen, progesterone, LH, FSH, PL
Abnormalities on the CBC Profile in Dogs With IMHA(3)?
Anemia
Polychromasia
Autoagglutination
Spherocytosis
Ghost cells
Evidence of inflammation (increased neutrophils, bands, metamyelocytes, monocytes)
Intoxication that can be treated with ethanol
Ethylene glycol toxicity
Most common primary liver tumor in dogs
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)