Foundations of Environmental IOs
This IO was established in 1972 and is considered a “norm entrepreneur” in international environmental law.
What is UNEP?
The secretariat of this climate treaty facilitates annual COPs and manages technical reviews.
What is the UNFCCC?
This 1992 declaration from the Rio Earth Summit is an example of soft law.
What is the Rio Declaration?
This European IO enforces binding environmental directives through court oversight.
What is the European Union (EU)? (Other individual states also do this)
This World Bank-associated facility funds climate projects in developing countries.
What is the Global Environment Facility?
This term refers to the existence of many IOs with overlapping environmental mandates.
What is institutional fragmentation?
This agreement under the UNFCCC aims to limit global temperature rise.
What is the Paris Agreement?
These non-binding instruments influence state behavior as custom.
What is soft law?
NATO considers climate change this type of risk to global stability.
What is a threat multiplier? (Includes climate change)
Financial IOs influence domestic environmental law by attaching these to loans.
What are environmental safeguards or policy conditions?
Environmental IOs fill this key role by helping states exchange data and coordinate policies.
What is providing a platform?
IOs help states implement treaties by offering this type of support, especially to developing countries.
What is technical assistance? (Range of applicable answers)
This intergovernmental science body provides assessment reports used in climate negotiations.
What is the IPCC?
This security IO now integrates climate resilience into its infrastructure planning.
What is NATO?
This climate-specific fund supports mitigation and adaptation in developing countries.
What is the Green Climate Fund (GCF)?
This term refers to the ability of IOs to build and maintain institutional knowledge over time.
What is institutional memory?
This mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol monitors compliance through facilitative and enforcement branches.
What is the Compliance Committee?
These science-policy bodies strengthen IO legitimacy by synthesizing and reporting environmental data.
What is the IPCC?
Regional IOs serve as intermediaries between global norms and this.
What is local implementation?
IOs use this repetitional mechanism rather than coercion to promote compliance.
What is peer review and encourage transparency?
Name two global environmental challenges that require international IO coordination.
What are climate change and biodiversity loss?
Treaty secretariats perform this function to maintain transparency in implementation.
What is monitoring and reporting (or oversight)?
Soft law instruments help shape legal interpretation of treaties even though they lack this.
What is binding legal force?
This specialized UN agency regulates shipping to prevent marine pollution and has adopted treaties like MARPOL to enforce environmental standards.
What is the International Maritime Organization (IMO)?
This World Bank framework includes requirements for stakeholder engagement and biodiversity.
What is the Environmental and Social Framework?