Culture & Identity
This term describes the tendency to view your own cultural beliefs and practices as more correct, moral, and appropriate than others'.
What is ethnocentrism?
This first stage of perception and listening involves selecting and focusing on certain cues while screening out others.
What is attending?
The nonverbal channel covering touch behaviors like hugging, shaking hands, or patting a back.
What is haptics?
This type of meaning is the literal, dictionary definition of a word.
What is denotative meaning?
These are lasting feelings, ranging from bad to good, that aren't tied to a specific trigger.
What are moods?
A clash between personal values and communal expectations is an example of this, a mismatch between two or more layers of identity.
What is an identity gap?
Listening purely for pleasure, enjoyment, or entertainment is known as this type of listening.
What is appreciative listening?
These gestures have a direct verbal translation, such as waving hello or a peace sign.
What are emblems?
Because there is no inherent connection between a word and what it represents, language is described this way.
What is arbitrary?
Feelings vary along these two dimensions: pleasant vs. unpleasant, and aroused vs. calm.
What are valence and arousal?
In the Johari Window, this "self" contains things you know about yourself but intentionally keep secret from others.
What is the hidden self?
Overestimating internal personal traits when explaining other people's actions is this attribution bias.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
Vocal utterances like "mm-hmm" or head nods made while your partner is speaking are called this.
What is back-channel communication?
These guidelines specify how words and phrases must be ordered to form grammatically coherent sentences.
What are syntactic rules?
These cultural prescriptions and social norms specify when, where, and how emotions should be expressed or suppressed.
What are display rules?
Individualism vs. collectivism, high vs. low power distance, and high vs. low context are three of these five dimensions that distinguish cultures.
What are cultural dimensions?
Attributing your own actions to external situational forces while attributing others' actions to internal traits is this effect.
What is the actor-observer effect?
Displaying an entirely different emotion from the one you truly feel, like clapping for an award competitor while feeling jealous, is this.
What is masking?
Paul Grice's four conversational maxims are quantity, quality, manner, and this one, which says contributions should be pertinent to the topic.
What is relevance?
Anger's action tendency is to attack, while sadness's action tendency is this.
What is retreat?
Communication Theory of Identity says identity has four interpenetrated layers: personal, enactment, relational, and this one, tied to group memberships and cultural institutions.
What is the communal layer?
According to Alcohol Myopia Theory, alcohol narrows perceptual focus, so people notice vivid cues but miss subtle inhibiting ones. This condition, with competing cues, is called this.
What is inhibition conflict?
This hypothesis says deceivers deliberately mirror nonverbal behaviors to seem credible, yet research shows liars actually show less real synchrony than truth-tellers.
What is the strategic synchrony hypothesis?
Prefacing a request with "I was kind of wondering..." is an example of this politeness cue, which softens the demand.
What is hedging?
This blended emotion combines fear, anger, and sadness, along with passion, envy, hostility, guilt, and love, and arises when a love interest may leave.
What is jealousy?