Proximity, Familiarity, Mere Exposure Effect, Similarity, Cost-Rewards, Social Comparison, Reciprocity
100
What are the four horsemen of the Apocalypse?
Defensiveness, Stonewalling, Criticism, Contempt
100
According to two research studies, are Indians in arranged marriages happier than love marriages?
yes.
100
Gottman believes he can predict with over 90% accuracy whether or not a couple will divorce based on what factor?
Micro-expressions of contempt in the faces of couples when communicating with each other.
100
What are two factors that influence bystanderism?
social influence; audience inhibition; mood; competence and experience; diffusion of responsibility;
200
How many participants were in the sweaty t-shirt studies? What were the women asked to do? What were the men asked to do?
47 men, 44 women. Women smelled 7 t-shirts (one a control) and rated by preference. Men had to wear no cologne and use unscented soaps for two nights.
200
What does the research say about how self-disclosure can influence a relationship? (i.e. what happens when you self-disclose?)
If you self-disclose you will like the other person more and they will like you more.
200
According to Buss' study, what do males and females in collectivist cultures find attractive? Bonus 100 points if you can tell me the three ways Buss gathered data?
Men = chastistity and domesticity. Women = status, ambition, financial position. (gathered data using ranking, rating and biographical information)
200
What were the factors that Hill found in his research study on Boston college couples for why 45% of couples at the beginning of the two year study broke up?
Differences in age, educational goals, intelligence and attractiveness were common among those who split (Hill)
200
Who studied cross-cultural differences in prosocial behaviour? (you can describe the study if you can't remember the name)
Levine - different conditions in different cities like people dropping pens, etc.
300
Explain the evolutionary theory of attraction?
We have evolved to find traits in others attractive that will signify that they can provide our offsprings with healthy genes, and therefore our genetic material will have the greatest chance of being passed on.
300
What are the five maintenance strategies?
Openness, Assurances, Social Networking, Sharing Tasks, Positivity
300
How can arranged marriages and marriages for love be explained in regards to individualistic or collectivist characteristics?
Individualistic = you marry for love because you have individual autonomy and get to choose who you marry. Collectivist = you have an obligation to your family and have you keep the social harmony, so you marry to unite families and keep people happy.
300
According to Gottman's research, why do relationships change or end?
They exhibit one or more of the four horsemen (defensiveness, stonewalling, criticism, contempt).
300
Explain briefly the empathy-altruism theory.
the higher the level of empathy, the higher the level of altruism.
400
Explain the research that supports the "matching hypothesis".
99 couples were rated by participants on their attractiveness and then the results were analysed to see if they were rated as similar in attractiveness to their partner.
400
Why do we need to use maintenance strategies in relationships?
Because researchers suggest that they are naturally torn apart by centrifugal forces and we need the maintenance strategies to keep the relationship together.
400
What % of Americans would marry without love? What % of Pakistanis/Indians would marry without love? (as long as the partner had all the desirable qualities).
US = 4% and India/Pakistan 50%
400
Choose three of Duck's findings from his meta-analysis on factors in marriages that have a high rate of divorce and give one reason for each why that could lead to deterioration or termination of a marriage?
e.g. teenage relationships; if people marry too young they are still growing and developing in crucial years as a person and so they may grow apart quicker than couples who are more settled with themselves.
400
We have covered social responsibility and interpersonal relationships so far. What is the next major topic within the human relationships unit that we will study?
violence
500
What is the connection between self-disclosure, maintenance strategies and Gottman's Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse?
self disclosure is revealing yourself, which is related to the maintenance strategy of openness, which is the opposite of stonewalling in the Four Horsemen.
500
What were the participants in the "Love Lab" research by Gottman asked to do?
They had 15 minute conversations and covered three topics: an everyday topic, a positive element in the relationship and something that was negative in the relationship.
500
What were three predictions Buss made before he conducted his cross-cultural research.
Males would value chastity and physical appearance more than females, while females would place higher value on social status and resources.
500
According to Baxter's research, what was the difference in reasons men and women gave for breaking off a relationship?
Interestingly, females were more likely to end the relationship because of a “lack of intimacy” whereas men felt a loss of excitement and that “the magic has gone”.