Democracy
What are the two systems of democracy we studied in this class that are normally compared to each other?
parliamentary and presidential systems
What are the two levels of corruption?
Grand Corruption
Petty Corruption
What is the double commitment problem with vote buying?
Votes are unobservable; politicians’ promises are unenforceable
What is a way to try and minimize the struggle women have in electoral politics?
Gender quotas in parties and legislatures
What is an ethnically divided society?
Countries where ethnic divisions are entrenched
Widespread societal discrimination against non-dominant ethnic groups
Coethnic distribution of jobs and benefits
Majority tyranny
Risk of ethnic cleansing/genocide
What author critiques the presidential system, highlighting potential drawbacks such as zero-sum elections, difficulties in balancing roles, dual legitimacy issues, and the rigid nature of presidential regimes
Linz
Who is the journalist who became Kenya’s first anti-
corruption czar?
John Githongo
What can end Clientelism? There was 5 points made in discussion, you need to identify at least 3 to get points?
- Laws and bureaucracies than ban vote buying
- Independent election commission
- Ballot design
- Ideological attacks
- Economic growth
What is the case study where quotas worked well?
Rwanda: a remarkable case
The three approaches to overcome ethnic challenges are...
1.Consociationalism
2.Centripetalism
3.Contact
Which problem has these two challenges?
Challenge: asymmetric information
Challenge: it may be very hard for monitoring
Principle agent problem
What 3 ways can corruption manifest in three distinct organizational structures, each with distinct consequences?
Joint Monopoly , Independent Monopolist, Competitiion
Which author argues that those who are weakly ideologically opposed to the party more targeted?
Stokes
What are the two types of representation?
Substantive representation and Descriptive representation
What are the two ways that we try an navigate ethnic differences?
We can attempt to deal with them institutionally or behaviorally
What idea comes from industrial/growth
economics. Industries in developing countries require an initial, large dose of targeted investment to “take
off”, i.e. benefit from economies of scale, exploit
linkages, and grow.
The Big Push
Which author has an article that explores the phenomenon of bureaucratic overload as a hindrance to the effective implementation of government programs, focusing on the context of rural development in India.
Gupta
How does vote buys correlate with power and poverty?
What paper explores the impact of mandated representation for women in local village councils in India, particularly focusing on the policy consequences of such reservations. The study utilizes a unique experiment implemented in India to compare investments made in reserved and unreserved Gram Panchayats (GPs).
Chattopadhyay and Duflo: Women as Policy Makers
This author critiques the Lee thesis, which claims that democracies and basic civil and political freedoms in developing countries hinder economic growth. The author argues that this thesis lacks empirical support and that the relationship between political freedoms and economic needs is interconnected.
Sen
What are the incentive problems in Democracy?
Issues without vocal constituency
Issue invisibility
Political incentive incompatibility
According to Thomas Larsson how has corruption differed in China versus Russia?
Corruption has hurt economic growth in Russia but has been compatible with high growth in China (Tomas Larsson)
What were the three case studies about vote buying from the lecture?
Philippines
India
Paraguay
Argentina
What measures were used to find the key findings of Chattopadhyay and Duflo: Women as Policy Makers?
There are 9 ways this was done you need to identify 5 to get points
Effect on policy choices
Political economy models
Citizen candidate model
Reservation policy implementation
Impact of reservation of public goods provisions
empirical testing
political participation of women
effects on public goods provisions
Robustness checks
What did Moussa find out about sports role in peace keeping?
Mixed sports teams significantly improved “on the field” behaviors toward ethnic outgroups
Didn’t affect “off the field behaviors”