CH 1
The roots of the global system can be traced back over several centuries, but its construction has accelerated over the last _____ years.
150 years
define "social science"
the study of human society and of the interactions among people within society.
While the ______________ is a legal and political concept, the __________ is mainly a cultural and historical concept.
state; nation
global governance
the accumulation of the institutions, processes, agreements, procedures, norms, and actions that help us address transboundary needs and problems.
realism
the theory that we live in an anarchic global system (one without rules or an authority above the level of the state), and that international relations are driven by a struggle for power among self-interested states.
a political, economic, and cultural concept associated with Europe and with communities that grew out of European settlement and invasion. Distinguished from Eastern ideas associated with Asia, notably China, Japan, and India.
define "theory"
an abstract or generalized approach to explaining or understanding a phenomenon or a set of phenomena supported by a significant body of evidence.
nation-state
a state whose citizens share a common national identity
governance
the sum of the many ways in which collective decisions are made and implemented, with or without the input of formal institutions
perpetual peace
a peace that is permanent and sustainable, and made possible by the absence of the conditions that can lead to war
What is Neo-imperialism?
Efforts by powerful actors to extend their influence by demanding changes or concessions from less powerful actors.
define "internet of things"
the integration of the physical and the digital, including power grids, smart cars, and smart homes
national identity
identification with a state or nation, as determined by a combination of language, place of birth, and citizenship
intergovernmental organization
a body that promotes or facilitates cooperation among states, and consists of statemembers
the theory that democracies rarely or never go to war with one another
What were the main effects of World War I?
-up to 40 million casualties; including an estimated 18 million deaths
-new technology of war meant much greater numbers of civilian deaths in any previous war
-economies of major combatant states severely damaged
-divisions imposed on Middle East that would cause many problems later
-war sparked collapse of Russian regime and creation of Union and Soviet Socialist Republics (the USSR, or Soviet Union)
-way paved for rise for Hitler
define "global village"
a metaphor conveying the idea that electronic media might have reduced the size of the world by tightening the connections among humans
List the rights of citizens
-to live in their home state
-to vote or run in elections for political office
-to not be removed from their home state, unless extradited for a crime in another state, nor to be denied entry upon returning from another state
-to hold a passport issued by their home state, and to travel across borders backed by the protection of their home government
international non-governmental organization
a body that works to encourage international cooperation through the work of non-state members such as individuals or private associations. Examples include FIFA or Baptist World Alliance
What are the conditions needed for peace?
-people must have the assets and opportunities that they need in order to fulfill their ambitions
-people must have no fear of physical or psychological threats, must believe that society is treating them equally and fairly, must be assured that agents of the security system (such as the police) are working with and for them, and must believe that they have access to a fair and efficient system of justice based on equality before the law
-people must feel confident that they face no threats of violence from other states
Bretton Woods system
an international economic system designed to encourage postwar peace and prosperity through free trade and exchange rate stability;
Created the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank
What were the developments of the internet and the web made in the 1960s?
military-funded ARPANET project connects four sites in the United States (1969)
List the levels of culture and their number of examples
Human: 1
Global: 1
Civilizational: less than a dozen
State: nearly 200
National: thousands
Local: millions
The United Nations was founded in _________ and has 6 key elements:
1945;
1. General Assembly
2. Security Council
3. UN Economic and Social Council
4. International Court of Justice
5. Programs and specialized agencies
6. Peacekeeping forces
define "cybersecurity"
efforts to protect internet-connected computers, networks, mobile devices, electronic systems, and data from malicious attacks