CRIME BASICS
This concept explains why an act can be legal in one state and illegal in another.
What is jurisdiction?
Classical criminologists accept or reject the scientific method to study criminality?
What is accept?
This type of defense simply means the prosecution failed to prove the defendant committed the crime.
What is a Failure-of-Proof Defense?
This media phenomenon (concerning race) misleads the public from understanding the bigger picture of crime in America.
What is Missing White Woman Syndrome?
This person wrote the nine points around which modern police forces should be organized.
Who is Sir Robert Peel?
These crimes are motivated by hostility based on the victim's race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or disability.
What are Hate Crimes?
Freud believed that a large degree of brain activity is _________.
What is unconscious or subconscious?
This defense acknowledges the defendant committed the crime but argues it was the right thing to do at the time.
What is a Justification Defense?
The trend of violent crime in the United States over the last several decades has been _______.
What is a substantial decline?
Highway patrols are considered to be this type of law enforcement.
What is State law enforcement?
To prove a crime occurred, a prosecutor may need to prove actus reus, mens rea, and this third element.
What is Causation?
The overall theme of ______ theory is that our thoughts and actions are shaped by our experiences and the consequences of our actions.
What is Behavioral Theory?
This defense acknowledges the defendant committed the crime but argues they are not really to blame for their actions.
What is an Excuse Defense?
By punishing crack cocaine at much higher levels than powdered cocaine, the criminal justice system engaged in __________ practice, which had a disproportionately negative effect on Black Americans.
What is Color-Blind Racism?
This city has the largest metropolitan police department, complete with a SCUBA team and harbor, aviation, and mounted police units.
What is New York City?
The rule of law exists specifically to guard against this.
What are abuses by an authoritarian government?
Marx uses this term to define how people in higher classes think about their relative privilege, usually to justify it.
What is Ideology?
Stand-your-ground laws apply the logic behind this doctrine outside the confines of one's home.
What is the Castle Doctrine?
If you were interested in studying anti-LGBTQ graffiti, you might gravitate toward this branch of criminology.
What is Queer Criminology?
Officer Jones conducted an illegal search, and Officer Smith lied under oath to protect him. This is an example of what?
What is the Blue Wall of Silence?
Crimes that cause financial or economic harm, such as theft or embezzlement, fall into this category.
What are Crimes Against Property?
This branch of criminology studies environmental crime and the harm done to the natural world through human activity.
What is Green Criminology?
_______ is considered a capital offense in many jurisdictions.
What is Murder?
The fact that various identities were once considered deviant but no longer are indicates that deviance is this — it can change based on time and place.
What is a Social Construction?
This occurs when police forcibly take money or drugs from known criminals.
What is a Shakedown?