Intracranial Regulation

Key Terms (CNS & PNS)

100

The involuntary, almost instantaneous motor response to a stimulus

Reflex

200

The basic cell of the nervous system

Neuron

300

The three layers of protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Meninges

400

This fluid cushions the brain and spinal cord and helps prevent injury to these tissues

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

500

This "wall" helps protect the CNS by preventing potential neurotoxins from entering the brain

Blood Brain Barrier

ICR Alterations

100

The most common and least serious type of TBI

Concussion

200

This injury is usually due to a violent blow to head or an object penetrating the skull

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

300

This alteration is manifested by periods of abnormal electrical discharges in the brain

Seizures or Seizure disorder

400

This alteration consists of sustained elevated pressure of 15 mmHg or higher in the cranial cavity

Increased intracranial pressure (IICP)

500

This alteration consists of a continuous seizure lasting more than 30 mins

Status Epilepticus

Pharmacotherapy

100

This medication class helps aid in pain control to reduce oxygen demand 

Analgesics

200

This class of medication helps control seizures

Antiepileptics 

300

This medication class can aid in the reduction of ICP by reducing fluid

Diuretics

400

This medication class can help reduce blood pressure in hemorrhagic stoke

Antihypertensives

500

This medication class can aid in the reduction of metabolic demand to reduce ICP 

Sedatives

The Brain

100

This part of the brain is responsible for controlling muscle movements and balance

Cerebellum

200

This part of the brain controls reflexes and regulates activities such as vomiting, hiccupping, coughing, and sneezing

Brainstem

300

This lobe of the cerebrum controls speech, thought, learning, emotions, and voluntary movement

Frontal lobe

400

This part of the diencephalon is involved in regulating HR, BP, RR, depth, pain, pleasure, and fear

Hypothalamus

500

This lobe of the cerebrum stores memory and interprets auditory stimuli

Temporal Lobe

Cranial Nerves

100

This cranial nerve is responsible for vision

Cranial Nerve II or Optic

200

Which cranial nerve is responsible for gag and swallowing reflexes, taste

Cranial Nerve IX or Glossopharyngeal

300

This cranial nerve is responsible for movement of tongue for swallowing, movement of food during chewing, and speech

Cranial Nerve XII or Hypoglossal

400

This cranial nerve is responsible sense of balance/equilibrium, and sense of hearing

Cranial Nerve VIII or Vestibulocochlear

500

This cranial nerve is responsible for sensory impulses from scalp, upper/lower eyelid, nose, cornea, lacrimal gland, upper and lower teeth and lips, tongue, teeth clenching, and movement of mandible

Cranial Nerve V or Trigeminal