INDUCTION AGENTS
This induction agent is mostly metabolized by the liver, however, the lungs provide approximately 30% metabolism
These 2 IV anesthetics induction agents are contraindicated in patients with porphyria:
What are etomidate and barbituates
The rapid eye movement seen with administration of ketamine is described by this term
What is nystagmus?
This is the appropriate dose of propofol for use as an antiemetic
What is 10-20 mg IV
Ketamine is related chemically to this drug of abuse
What is phencyclidine
The appropriate induction dose of etomidate falls in this range
What is 0.2-0.4 mg/kg (0.1-0.6 according to some sources)
The voltage gated GABA channel works through transmission of this ion
What is chloride
Due to its fast onset and short duration of action, this IV drug is the best choice for premedication in adults
What is midazolam
The amino acid ligand responsible for the functions of the NMDA receptor is this neurotransmitter
What is glutamate
This phenomenon of metabolism results in the limited bioavailability of drugs given by the oral route
What is the hepatic first pass effect
This describes the state of anesthesia experienced by a patient that receives ketamine
What is dissociative anesthesia
This term describes the involuntary muscle movements that can occur with induction doses of etomidate
What is myoclonia
This IV anesthetic agent has the most depression of the airway and cough reflexes
What is propofol
What is 0.5 to 2 mcg/kg
Concomitant administration of a drug in this class can decrease secretions associated with ketamine administration
What is an anticholinergic (antimuscarinic)
This is the primary mechanism of action of dexmedetomidine
What is alpha-2 agonism (decrease norepi release)
Historically, allergic reactions to propofol were thought to exist due to its formulation of lecithin from the Greek word "lekithos" meaning this in English
What is egg yolk
Etomidate is rapidly metabolized in the liver and plasma primarily by this form of metabolism
What is ester hydrolysis
Although this drug may cause seizures in patients with epilepsy, it can be beneficial if mapping seizure foci
What is etomidate
Induction doses of propofol are higher in the pediatric population primarily because of their increase in this pharmacologic parameter
What is volume of distribution
This effect is the primary cause of the cardiovascular stimulation properties of ketamine
What is sympathetic nervous system stimulation
This compartment of the two compartment model receives approximately 25% of CO
What is the peripheral compartment
Because the baroreceptor reflex is left intact, you may see tachycardia after administration of this IV induction drug
What is thiopental
Adrenocortical suppression seen with etomidate is due to its inhibition of this enzyme
What is 11-b-hydroxylase
Hyperalgesia most often occurs after the use of this class of induction agent
What are barbituates
If given to patients with porphyria, barbiturates induce this enzyme
What is ALA synthetase
This metabolite of ketamine has 20-30% of the intrinsic activity of its parent drug
What is norketamine
The initial CNS effects of propofol are primarily terminated by this mechanism
What is redistribution
This drug action is the cause of involuntary muscle movements seen in patients given etomidate
What is subcortical disinhibition
Venous irritation resulting in a burning sensation following administration of etomidate is primary due to this additive
What is propylene glycol