Nature & Nurture
This refers to the idea that our characteristics are shaped by our genes and biological inheritance.
What is nature?
This lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information.
What is the occipital lobe?
This type of conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response.
What is classical conditioning?
This term refers to biologically-based individual differences in emotional reactivity and self-regulation, noticeable in infancy.
What is temperament?
In this controversial study, college students adopted abusive roles when placed in a mock prison environment.
What is the Stanford Prison Experiment?
This kind of study compares identical and fraternal twins to determine genetic influence on traits.
What are twin studies?
The brain is divided into these two halves, each responsible for different types of processing—like language or emotions
What are the left and right hemispheres?
This infant became famous in psychology after being conditioned to fear white rats.
Who is Little Albert?
This type of baby adapts easily to routines and has a generally positive mood.
What is an easy baby?
This psychologist studied obedience by having participants administer what they believed were electric shocks.
Who is Stanley Milgram?
These twins share 100% of their genes and often show striking similarities—even when raised in different families
What are identical twins?
This particular function is generally located in the left hemisphere .
What is language?
This type of conditioning involves learning by consequences and was championed by B.F. Skinner.
What is operant conditioning?
This temperament is seen in babies who need time to adapt to new situations.
What is slow-to-warm-up?
This concept refers to mental associations that occur automatically and can affect our attitudes without our awareness.
What are implicit associations?
These twins come from two separate eggs and are no more alike than regular siblings.
What are fraternal twins?
When this part of the brain is severed to treat epilepsy, the two hemispheres can't share information.
What is the corpus callosum?
This pleasant consequence increases the likelihood that a behavior will happen again in the future.
What is reinforcement?
According to Kagan, infants who react strongly to even low-level stimuli have this trait.
What is high reactivity?
According to Leon Festinger, this uncomfortable psychological state arises when our behavior conflicts with our beliefs.
What is cognitive dissonance?
According to twin studies, the shared home environment has little effect on most traits—but it does seem to shape these two things.
What are religious values and social closeness?
Scientists used these surgical studies with epilepsy patients to learn how each side of the brain works.
What are split-brain studies?
Bandura’s Bobo Doll study illustrated this kind of learning, where children model what they see.
What is observational learning?
Even though temperament comes mostly from genes, this part of a child’s life—like their home or school—can still influence how they change over time.
What is the environment?
This phenomenon explains why we might not notice a unicycling clown while we’re focused on counting basketball passes.
What is inattentional blindness?