Helping Process
A broad and generic term that includes the assistance provided by a variety of individuals, such as friends, family, counselors, psychotherapists, and human service providers
Helping
A key nonverbal behavior that can be used to monitor speech, provide understanding, and regulate turn-taking. This behavior can signal intimacy and interest, and a lack of this behavior can signal anxiety, discomfort, or disinterest.
Eye Contact
Repeating or paraphrasing the content or meaning of what a client has said
Restatements
A statement that explicitly labels the client's feelings
Reflection of Feelings
Your client states: "I just feel so frustrated when they say that to me. No matter how hard I try, they are always angry with me. Nothing I ever do is good enough."
Provide an example of an open question you could ask this client.
Any question that cannot be responded to with a simple yes/no
The 3 stages of the helping process
Exploration, Insight, and Action
An attending behavior that can be used to facilitate listening, encourage client speech, and allow space for processing. While this is a powerful skill when used purposefully, it can be difficult or intimidating for many new counselors.
Silence
State the major difference between a closed and an open question
Closed questions can be answered simply with a yes or no. Open questions require a deeper response, and often begin with who, what, how, when, or where
Name one time in which it could be problematic to reflect a client's feelings
When the therapeutic relationship is not strong
When the client is overwhelmed by emotions due to anger, delusional thinking, or severe emotional disorder
When the client is in crisis
The client has a history of abuse/violent anger/aggression/self-harm/etc
There is not sufficient time to explore these feelings
The client shows strong resistance to expressing feelings
Your client states: "I just feel so frustrated when they say that to me. No matter how hard I try, they are always angry with me. Nothing I ever do is good enough."
Provide an example of a summary, paraphrase, or restatement you could use with this client
Any summary/paraphrase/restatement, e.g. "So you feel like you aren't good enough because they are always angry with you" "Even when you work hard, they are still unhappy" "Not good enough"
Principles and standards that ensure professionals provide quality services and are respectful of the rights of the people with whom they work
Ethics
Counseling ethical principles are autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, fidelity, and veracity
Non-language sounds that can be used to acknowledge what a client has said, communicate attentiveness, encourage clients to keep talking, and provide non-invasive support.
Minimal Encouragers
A directive statement meant to encourage the client to clarify or explore a certain topic
Probe
The helper reveals a feeling that they have had. This can be real, hypothetical, or how the helper feels in the moment when hearing the client talk
Disclosure of Feelings
Your client states: "I just feel so frustrated when they say that to me. No matter how hard I try, they are always angry with me. Nothing I ever do is good enough."
Provide an example of a probe you could use with this client
Any probe, e.g. "tell me more" "tell me about that" etc
A general awareness of one's own issues, biases, strengths, and weaknesses that may influence their behavior and how others perceive them
Self-Awareness
A way in which your client speaks or phrases statements. Matching this can allow a counselor to improve communication with the client and strengthen the therapeutic relationship
A statement picking out the general highlights and themes of content expressed by the client
Summary
A specific method for helping clients experience feelings at a deeper level. It provides a structure in which the client turns inward, experiences the emotion, and attempts to put it into words.
Focusing
Your client states: "I just feel so frustrated when they say that to me. No matter how hard I try, they are always angry with me. Nothing I ever do is good enough."
Provide an example of a restatement of feelings you could use with this client
Any statement highlighting the client's frustration, e.g. "Frustrated" "So you are feeling frustrated"
A specific aspect of self-awareness involving a knowledge of your own worldview and its influence on your perception of a client's race/ethnicity, gender, age, ideology, religion, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, disability status, and occupation
Cultural Awareness
Give the names of these 4 types of nonverbal actions
1. Gesture that substitutes a word/phrase
2. Gesture that accompanies speech
3. Gesture that monitors the flow of conversation
4. Habitual acts that have no communicative purpose
Emblems, illustrators, regulators, and adaptors
A skill in which a helper reveals personal information about ways in which they are similar to the client to help clients feel less alone or different
Self-Disclosure / Disclosure of similarities
State one way in which cultural factors may influence the way a client displays/experiences emotions
Gender differences in socially acceptable emotional displays, cultures in which eye contact/smiling are less common, cultures in which anxiety/fear is unacceptable, etc
Your client states: "I just feel so frustrated when they say that to me. No matter how hard I try, they are always angry with me. Nothing I ever do is good enough."
Provide an example of limited self-disclosure you could use with this client
Any limited self-disclosure related to feelings or experiences of frustration or failure when trying hard