What is Biology?
Name two characteristics of life
Answer Varies.
Possible Answers: Made of cells, interact with environment, metabolize, pass down information, etc.
What is the molecule that releases energy to power cell processes directly when its bonds are broken (and also often referred to as the "energy currency" of a cell)?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
In DNA, what nucleotide does Adenine (A) pair with?
(possible options: C,G,T,U)
T (Thymine)
In a certain population of birds, a bird with blue feathers mates with a bird with red feathers, and all the offspring have blue feathers. The allele for red feathers is likely... (Dominant or Recessive)
Recessive
What organ system controls body processes and receives/respond to changes?
Nervous System
What is the polymer of proteins?
a. amino acid
b. polysaccharide
c. polypeptide
d. phospholipid
c
Name a product of photosynthesis
Answer Varies
Possible answers: Glucose, oxygen, chemical energy
The synthesis of proteins consist of which to processes? (hint: both start with T)
transcription & translation
In a certain population of flowers, the allele for tall stems (T) is dominant to the allele for short stems (t). In a cross between a homozygous tall plant and a homozygous short plant, what is the probability of an offspring with short stems (tt)?
a. 3/4
b. 1/2
c. 1/4
d. 0
d
The function of a part often depends on its ___________
structure
What are inherited portions of DNA that determine particular traits called?
gnes
What is the structure responsible for carrying out cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
What is the definition of Phenotype?
Physical trait expressed by the organism as a result of its genotype.
A cat with tan fur mates with a cat with black fur and the offspring has spotted fur. The type of inheritance regarding these alleles for fur color would be...
Codominance
Arteries carry blood (away/toward) the heart
away
Which of the following lists components of the hierarchy of life in correct order from simplest to most complex?
a. cell, organelle, population, ecosystem
b. atom, organism, organ system, ecosystem
c. molecule, cell, organism, community
d. cell, organ system, species, phylum
c
What is one reason cells divide?
Answer Varies
Possible answers: Growth and regeneration, maintain sufficient surface area to support cell's increasing volume
What is the enzyme that reads the DNA sequence and adds complementary nucleotides in DNA replication?
DNA Polymerase
Assume that rabbits have two different alleles for fur color, with B (brown) as dominant over b (white). What is the probability the offspring of a heterozygous brown rabbit and homozygous white rabbit will have white fur?
1/2
Name at least two of the main types of tissues
Answer Varies.
Possible Answers:
Nervous, Epithelial, Connective, Muscle
What is the branch of biology that is the study of plants?
botany
What is the green molecule that absorbs light in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
The following is an example of which type of mutation?
ATCGAT → AGCGAT
Substitution
In Mendel's pea plant experiment, one of the traits he observed was seed color, in which the allele for yellow seed (Y) was dominant to that for green seed (y). If 1/4 of the offspring had green seeds, what is a possible genotype of the parents?
a. YY and Yy
b. Yy and Yy
c. YY and yy
d. Yy and yy
e. all of the above are equally likely
b
What are the components of each of the 3 layers of immune system defense?
1st layer: physical barrier, like skin and mucous membrane
2nd layer: nonspecific immune cells; fever
3rd layer: adaptive immunity, targets specific cells, antibodies, t-cells, b-cells