Miscellaneous
What do we call the study of the physical structure of the body and its parts?
anatomy
What is the most abundant element in the body?
oxygen
Name the four primary macronutrients.
carbohydrates, fats, proteins & nucleic acids.
The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions on a scale of _?_.
0 - 14
What suffix describes "Surgical removal, excision"?
-ectomy
The science of how body parts function and work together is referred to as _?_.
physiology
This element is known as the "basic building block" of life.
carbon
Which of the 4 macronutrients does your body use for quick energy, and they are primarily found in foods like grains, fruits, starchy vegetables, and legumes. They come in both simple forms (like sugars) and complex forms (like starches and dietary fibers).
carbohydrates
What we call the sum of all chemical reactions in the body.
metabolism
What suffix describes "inflammation"?
-itis
Digestion, breathing and muscle movement use chemical reactions and are examples of what?
life processes
Nitrogen is a key constituent of amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) and nucleic acids. Name the two types of nucleic acids.
DNA and RNA
Amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of all _?_.
proteins
When the body is in homeostasis, human _?_ strictly maintains a pH between 7.35 and 7.45
blood
What suffix describes "the study of"?
-ology
The term used to describe the body’s ability to maintain a stable, balanced internal environment (like temperature or blood sugar) despite any external changes.
homeostasis
The most abundant mineral in the body, primarily concentrated in bones and teeth. It also plays a vital role in muscle contraction and nerve signaling.
calcium
Give 3 examples of trace elements.
iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iodine (I), and fluorine (F)
Name the electrolyte that regulates fluid balance inside and outside of cells, supports nerve communication, and assists in muscle contraction.
Sodium (Na⁺)
What suffix describes "surgical removal, excision"?
-ectomy
The human body is organized in levels. List the levels starting with atoms and ending with systems.
atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems
Potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium are all examples of _?_.
mineral elements
A Protein is a large, complex molecule consisting of one or more long chains of amino acids called _?_.
polypeptides
Explain the difference between anabolism and catabolism.
Anabolism: Building larger molecules from smaller ones. An example would be building muscle tissue.
Catabolism: Breaking down larger molecules to release energy. An example would be digesting food.
What suffix describes "killing, destroying"
-cidal, -cide