Policing
The Miranda warning provides protections under the ______.
a. First Amendment
b. Fourth Amendment
c. Fifth Amendment
d. Eighth Amendment
Ans: C, Fifth Amendment
The burden of proof in civil courts is ______.
a. beyond a reasonable doubt
b. clear and convincing evidence
c. probable cause
d. preponderance of the evidence
Ans: D, preponderance of the evidence
______ suggests that, if people fear the punishments that others receive, they will decide NOT to engage in similar acts as they do not want to risk the potential punishment for themselves.
a. General deterrence
b. Specific deterrence
c. Individual deterrence
d. Retributive deterrence
Ans: A, General deterrence
While men are more likely to be incarcerated for violent crimes, women are more likely to be incarcerated for which of the following?
a. property offenses and drug offenses
b. drug offenses and violent offenses
c. violent offenses and white-collar offenses
d. public order offenses and drug offenses
Ans: A, property offenses and drug offenses
Officers who are considered to be involved in corrupt activities in a passive sense are referred to as ______.
a. meat-eaters
b. grass-eaters
c. rotten apples
d. good apples
Ans: B, grass-eaters
The ______ is considered to be an ancillary member of the court.
a. probation/parole officer
b. clerk of the court
c. judge
d. victim
Ans: B, clerk of the court
Which of the following sentencing philosophies focuses on reforming criminal behavior so that the offender does not need or want to engage in future acts of crime?
a. incapacitation
b. deterrence
c. rehabilitation
d. reformative
Ans: C,rehabilitation
A ______ security-level prison is designed to house serious and violent offenders. Inmate movement and autonomy is significantly restricted, and inmates are often a risk to themselves, other inmates, and staff.
a. minimum
b. medium
c. maximum
d. supermax
Ans: C, maximum
An emergency exception to the warrant requirement may be exercised if ______.
a. consent is not given, but police believe you are acting nervous
b. police illegally stop you, but see drug paraphernalia in your passenger seat
c. police believe someone will be harmed if they wait for a warrant
d. consent is not given, but another person tells an officer that you have something illegal
Ans: C
c. police believe someone will be harmed if they wait for a warrant
Courts of ______ handle misdemeanor cases.
a. limited jurisdiction
b. subject-matter jurisdiction
c. general jurisdiction
d. original jurisdiction
Ans: A, limited jurisdiction
Under a(n) ______ scheme, the law prescribes the specific punishments.
a. determinate sentencing
b. indeterminate sentencing
c. retributive sentencing
d. mandatory sentencing
Ans: D, mandatory sentencing
Which of the following were identified as consequences of overcrowding?
a. inmate jobs increased
b. rehabilitative programming increased with capacity
c. decreased tension between inmates
d. impact on the welfare of the prison staff
Ans: D, impact on the welfare of the prison staff
An ethical dilemma where officers are faced with challenges based on how they view their role as police officers is referred to as an issue of ______.
a. discretion
b. honesty
c. corruption
d. duty
Ans: D, Duty
The ______ Amendment of the constitution states that persons who have been accused of a crime have the right to an attorney to assist in their defense.
a. First
b. Fourth
c. Sixth
d. Eighth
Ans: C, Sixth
When ______ is met, the punishment is inflicted as soon as possible following the offense.
a. celerity
b. dignity
c. certainty
d. severity
Ans: A, celerity
Solitary confinement falls in line with which of the following punishment philosophies?
a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
c. reformation
d. rehabilitation
Ans: B,incapacitation
Which type of force involves the use of tasers, which can temporarily incapacitate an offender?
a. physical force
b. impact force
c. electronic force
d. chemical force
Ans: C, electronic force
The court system in the United States is based upon a ______ system.
a. autonomy
b. concurrent court
c. separation court
d. dual court
Ans: D, dual court
As part of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, the U.S. Sentencing Commission was tasked with crafting sentencing guidelines at the ______ level.
a. local
b. state
c. federal
d. tribal
Ans: C,federal
Prisons are used to house individuals who are awaiting criminal prosecution, individuals on shorter term sentences, or individuals that are being held for a probation or parole violation.
A. True
B. False