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CJ process
Latin
Defenses
Sentencing
Miscellaneous
100
The hearing at which bail may be set and the defendant is advised of the charges against them and their rights
What is the initial (or first) appearance?
100
The guilty mind.
What is mens rea?
100
A type of justification defense where the defendant argues they acted to protect themself or their property.
What is self defense?
100
A structured sentencing scheme that allows no leeway in the nature of the sentence required and under which clearly enumerated punishments are mandated for specific offenses or for habitual offenders convicted of a series of crimes.
What is mandatory sentencing?
100
The system model that emphasizes individual rights?
What is the due process model?
200
A law enforcement or correctional admin process after arrest where the person is identified, the arrest is documented, and identifying information such as height, weight, and DOB is gathered.
What is booking?
200
A legal principle by which judges are obliged to respect the precedents established by prior decisions.
What is stare decisis?
200
A statement or contention by an individual charged with a crime that he or she was so distant when the crime was committed, or so engaged in other provable activities, that his or her participation was impossible.
What is an alibi defense?
200
The most common form of criminal sentencing in the U.S.
What is probation?
200
The Uniform Crime Reports are based on statistics that are compiled from where?
What is crime reported to the police?
300
The hearing at which a judge imposes some form of punishment on a convicted defendant.
What is sentencing?
300
This term meaning "body of crime" is a term from Western jurisprudence which refers to the principle that it must be proven that a crime has occurred before a person can be convicted of committing the crime.
What is corpus delicti?
300
A type of legal defense where the defendant claims that some personal condition or circumstance should make them not accountable under criminal law; examples include duress, age, provocation, and insanity.
What are excuse defenses?
300
A sentencing alternative that requires offenders to spend at least part of their time working for a community agency is known as this.
What is community service?
300
The type of law that specifies the methods to be used for enforcing substantive criminal law.
What is procedural law?
400
The hearing where a judicial officer decides: if a crime was committed, and if there is PC to believe the defendant committed the crime.
What is a preliminary hearing?
400
The guilty act.
What is actus reus?
400
A type of defense that claims that the defendant was discriminated against in the CJ system or that some aspect of CJ procedure wasn't properly followed; examples include entrapment, police fraud and selective prosecution.
What are procedural defenses?
400
A sentence explicitly requiring the convicted offender to serve a period of confinement in a local, state, or federal facility, followed by a period of probation.
What is a split sentence?
400
A traditional body of unwritten legal precedents created from every day social customs, rules and practices.
What is common law?
500
The examination in court of the issues of fact and relevant law in a case for the purpose of convicting or acquitting the defendant.
What is a trial?
500
A common law principle that allows the state to assume a parental role and take custody of a child under certain circumstances.
What is parens patriae?
500
A legal defense based on claims of mental illness or mental incapacity.
What is the insanity defense?
500
The use of split sentencing, shock probation or parole, shock incarceration, community service, intensive supervision, or home confinement in lieu of other, more traditional sanctions, such as imprisonment and fines.
What are intermediate sanctions?
500
Unreasonable searches and seizures are prohibited by this amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
What is the 4th Amendment?